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1

The right to an effective remedy in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland

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Wojtyczek K.

Constitutional Review

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2017

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issue 1

PL

The Polish Constitution does not encompass explicit guarantees of the right to an effective remedy for protecting rights. However, a deeper exegesis of its provisions shows that such a right is implicitly granted by the Constitution. If the Constitution grants the right to claim rights in judicial proceedings and the right to an appropriate compensation of damages caused by unlawful actions of public authorities, then it is possible to derive from the text of the Constitution the general right to effective judicial remedies which enable an adequate redress for violations of constitutional rights of interested persons. This right has three dimensions: a substantive (the obligation to provide redress), a procedural (the obligation to enact adequate procedural provisions) and institutional one (the necessity to create bodies empowered to entertain remedies). However, certain types of constitutional rights violations remain out of the scope of existing constitutional remedies.

2

„Pod władzą Rzeczypospolitej” – uwagi o artykule 37 Konstytucji RP

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Wojtyczek K.

Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego

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2023

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issue 4(74)

13-24

PL

Celem artykułu jest ustalenie wykładni sformułowania „znajduje się pod władzą Rzeczypospolitej” użytego w art. 37 Konstytucji RP. Przepis ten nawiązuje do analogicznych klauzul zamieszczanych w umowach międzynarodowych dotyczących praw człowieka. Analizowana formuła obejmuje pełną sferę zwierzchnictwa terytorialnego RP oraz sferę efektywnej jurysdykcji ekstraterytorialnej. Sprawując jurysdykcję ekstraterytorialną, państwo może stworzyć przestrzeń efektywnej władzy, w obrębie której mogą powstać obowiązki podjęcia dalszych działań. Pozostawanie „pod władzą” jest cechą stopniowalną i dotyczy nie tyle osób, co różnych sytuacji prawnych i faktycznych z ich udziałem. Zakres praw konstytucyjnych, które muszą zostać zagwarantowane danej osobie, wyznacza zasada adekwatności między zakresem sprawowanej władzy a zakresem praw konstytucyjnych.

EN

The aim of the publication is the clarification of the formulation “under the authority of the Republic” used in Article 37 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. This provision was inspired by analogical clauses inserted to international human rights treaties. The formula under consideration pertains to the complete sphere of Polish territorial jurisdiction as well as to the sphere of Poland’s effective extraterritorial jurisdiction. Submission to the authority is a gradable quality and concerns not so much persons but rather legal and factual situations with their involvement. The scope of rights which have to be guaranteed to a specific person is defined by the principle of adequacy between effective power and constitutional rights.

3

The notion of non-pecuniary damage in Polish constitutional law

100%

Wojtyczek K.

Constitutional Review

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2018

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issue 3

PL

The explanation of the notion of non-pecuniary damage is relevant not only for determining the constitutional pre-conditions for liability of public authorities but also for the determination of the ways and the extent of compensation. The Constitutional Court, following legal doctrine, considers that damage in constitutional meaning is any injury to legally protected goods of any entity. This definition raises the following questions: 1) what is a legal good, 2) what is someone’s good, 3) how legal protection of a good should be understood and 4) what an injury to good means.Generally, someone’s goods are individual goods, i.e. goods precious to someone, creating favorable conditions for his or her personal development, goods that cannot be disposed of by other legal subjects. The constitutional notion of damage means that an injury to good is enjoying protection reaching to a certain level of intensity. It encompasses also non-pecuniary goods. An injury to goods is the difference, assessed negatively, between the state of things resulting from the damaging event and the state of things which would have occurred if the damaging event would not have happened. The reparation of the damage should be adequate to its nature. The reparation of the non-pecuniary damage consists foremost in actions aiming at the restitution of the state of things which would have occurred had the damaging event not happened.

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The right to an effective remedy in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland

„Pod władzą Rzeczypospolitej” – uwagi o artykule 37 Konstytucji RP

The notion of non-pecuniary damage in Polish constitutional law