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Problemy rewaloryzacji zabytkowych zespołów w świetle prac studialnych i projektowych

100%

Sawicki O.

Ochrona Zabytków

|

1978

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issue 2

103-115

EN

The Town Planning Team o f ZAMEK (The Castle) Designing Office (Designer-in-Chief: Olgierd Sawicki, Arch.; Teresa Rogowska, M. Arch., and Małgorzata Ciarka-Drzewiecka, Arch.) has taken up research and designing work on the plan for revalorization o f the so-called protected substance which is also understood as valuable formations of natural environment integrated with historical groupings. The method o f preparation of the plan, as proposed by the Team, provides for studies on the subject being carried on in the scale of four areas: the surrounding area (1:100 000—1:25 000) covers the linkages between the protected substance and factors which influence it in an essential way. The author’s analyses give the grounds for conclusions determining the functions of protected substance in town and the conditions whose satisfaction will provide for its further existence. The area o f the so-called conservation zones (1:1000—1:2000) embraces the protected substance and lay-out and the attendant valuable natural formations of the surrounding. In this area the zones subject to conservation and protection are demarcated and the conditions established of work on implementing the projects concerned. The adopted protection zones are as follows: A — protection of the historical grouping, В — protection of the historical lay-out, E ■— zone of exposition of the protected substance, К — landscape protection, W — protection of excavation sites and archaeological relics. The area covered by the detailed plan for revalorization (1 :5000— —1:2000) is in line with that of the structural town planning unit, in which the protected substance, e.g. the historical grouping is situated. It is for this area that a development plan is drawn up in the manner of a detailed plan. The decisions o f that plan are meant to ensure to the protected grouping and lay-out lasting existence within the urban organism. The area of the project for revalorization embraces only the historical grouping for which an overall (multi-branch) concept of implementation project is drawn up (1 :400 —1:100) for the grouping as a whole. Work on revalorization plan is carried out a t two stages: Stage I — at which assumptions of revalorization plan are prepared on the basis of the studies conducted in the scale of bout the surrounding area and that o f conservation zones. Stage II — work on the detailed plan for revalorization and on implementation project. The theoretical pursuits o f the Town Planning Team are translated by it into practice. The plan for revalorization o f the historical complex of Góra Kalwaria an d Czersk is the first one drawn up in consonance with the new method. The study of the development o f conservation zones (basing on that prepared for Góra Kalwaria) makes an attempt a t a somewhat different approach to the problem of further development of a historical organism, with industrial building materials being used for the purpose. As regards construction o f spatial lay-outs the binding principles are those of attractive appearance of streets and buildings and structures o f minor scale and of the search for multi-function patterns.

2

Komu Norblina, komu?

63%

Sawicki O., Szczerba W.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1983

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issue 1-2

101-110

EN

The example of old Norblin’s factory in Warsaw shows that seemingly uninteresting and neglected old industrial structures conceal great historic values. They should be protected and adapted for contemporary functions in order to illustrate in this way the history of our home industry. Warsaw has a number of industrial buildings which the Town Monuments Conservator is ready to protect against inevitable decline. However, this is not always possible. It is often the case that before we realize the values represented by a specific structure it is already earmarked for demolition as useless and technically worn-out. Its repair is too expensive for those interested in its rescue. Unfortunately interventions of conservators and appeals for the concern for the old factory are not always e ffe c tive. The programme for the protection and new application of former Norblin’s factory, situated in the centre of Warsaw of today, was distinguished in 1981 with the 1st Prize of the General Monuments Conservator in an annual competition for design works in the field of monuments protection. The present article will undoubtedly bring the Readers closer to the problems faced by the authors of the programme envisaged for this exceptionally specific specimen of industrial architecture typical of the 18th-19th centuries, i.e. Norblin. The building is situated in the heart of the town and thus makes difficult the extension of the traffic system. When the hitherto user of the factory (’’Warszawa” Metal Rolling Mill) le ft the old walls and moved into new premises the Museum of Technics undertook the initiative to rescue the structure, seeing in it an opportunity of arranging th e re the Museum of the Warsaw Industry. The initiative was received by the population with great applause. On the other hand, town authorities are still ready to pull down the building in order to unblock a traffic system in this part of Warsaw. The authors of the programme worked out four proposals for future appearance of Norblin’s factory, as apart from the Museum of Technics, Warsaw craftsmen, the Museum of Printing and Monuments Conservation Workshop also show their interest in the idea. One thing is certain — the complex has to serve Warsaw’s inhabitants and cannot be demolished.

3

Rewaloryzacja zespołu staromiejskiego w Płocku

63%

Sawicki O., Szczerba W.

Ochrona Zabytków

|

1984

|

issue 3

143-154

EN

Płock, a tow n in c e n tr a l Poland, whose n um b e r of in h a b ita n ts re a c h e s 200 th o u s an d , is s itu a te d on th e high b a n k (30 m in he ig h t) of th e V istu la riv e r. This r e su lts in a n ex c ep tio n a l ex p o sitio n of th e complex of th e Old Town. While I am sp e ak in g a b o u t its h is to rical a n d c u ltu ra l v a lu e s it m u s t be sa id th a t it should be p la c ed ju s t rig h t on th e second pla c e — w ith h is to ric a l u rb a n complex of Old Cracow opening th e list. Beginnings of s e ttlem e n t in Płock a re d a ted in 11th an d 12th c en tu rie s in th e p re lo c a tio n period. U n til 1495 it w as c a p ita l of th e p rin c e s of Mazovia an d Płock. Most p ro b ab ly a t th e end of th e 13th c e n tu ry th e dw e llin g complex w as to ta lly d e stro y ed — a new town, lo c a ted by th e p rin c e w as la id down following th e r e g u la r p a tte rn , c h a ra c te ris tic for th e m ed iev a l tow n s in c e n tr a l Poland. U rb a n g row th was co n tin u ed till th e 19th c en tu ry . U n fo rtu n a te ly we do n o t have an y o u ts tan d in g a rc h ite c tu r a l o bjects from th e 20th c en tu ry . T h a t p e rio d has re su lte d in g rad u a l d e g rad a tio n of build in g s a n d comm u n a l in sta la tio n s. Reasons fo r such s ta te of m a tte r may be sou g h t in th e two w o rld w a rs as w e ll as in th e d y n amic d ev e lo pm en t of th e reg io n a s a whole, w ith exclusion of th e Old Town. An a rtific ia l lak e was b u ilt up (40 km lo n g an d 1 km wide) — since th e n th e Old Town is s itu a te d on its bank. At th e n o rth e rn su b u rb s of th e tow n h a s b een s itu a te d a huge p e tro ch em ic a l re fin e ry . These a c tio n s in flu en c ed d ire c tly th e scheme of th e u rb a n p la n n in g a n d th e tow n ’s range. On th e la k e ’s b an k a sh ip y a rd was e stab lish ed . In connection w ith th e re fin e ry it caused u n p la n n e d g row th of th e u rb a n org an ism an d fu r th e r d e g ra d a tio n of e n v ironm en t. The come in to b an k of th e a rtific ia l la k e en rich ed th e silh o u tte of th e h is to ric a l complex, b u t a t th e same tim e it caused a v e ry d an g e ro u s process of th e u n d e rm in in g of th e high bank. T h a t is w h y ex isten c e of th e Old Town complex is v e ry d o u b tfu l, as c ra ck in g of walls etc. is observed. In th e la s t y e a rs th e g o v e rnm en t h ad a ssigned some funds, w hich w e re used fo r p rev en tio n of th e cre ep in g of th e high riv e r bank. It is v e ry im p o rta n t, because th e re a re s itu a te d m ed iev a l churches, old g ra n a r ie s an d to w n smen houses from th e 18th c e n tu ry still in th e old u rb a n scheme. In 1981 d an g e ro u s flood occured — it ad v an c ed decisions concerning re h a b ilita tio n of th e Old Town. Th e m ed iev a l city has b een div id ed in to 8 zones (u rb an q u a rte rs ) — th e ir h is to ric a l v a lu e a n d scope of co n se rv a to ry p ro b lems a re v e ry d iffe ren t. F o r th a t city as a w hole m a s te r p lan s h av e b een p re p a re d w ith consid e ra tio n of re su lts of h is to ric a l a n d a rc h ite c tu ra l re s e a rc h a n d of te ch n ic a l s ta te of e a ch building. Besides, a ll th e n e c e ssa ry an a ly tic a l stu d ie s fo r th a t city complex w e re mad e — s ta rtin g w ith connections of Plock w ith a su rro u n d in g c o u n try region, its lan d sc ap e an d n a tu r e v a lu es — fin ish in g w ith its c u ltu ra l an d h isto ric a l h e rita ge. All th o se stu d ie s re s u lt in a sy n th e tic fin a l w o rk — a m a s te r p lan , w h ich has to be ap p ro v ed by city a u th o ritie s. I t is d e ta iled to such an e x te n t th a t it fo r m u la te s a fu n c tio n a l p ro g ram fo r each building. D e te rm in a tio n s fo rm u la te d by th e m a s te r p la n h ave to be fo llowed by designers of in d iv id u a l buildings. At th e same time w h en th e m a s te r p la n was completed, su p p lem en t p lan s fo r communal in s ta lla tio n s a n d comunications for th e Old Town w e re p rep a red . 'F ir s t of a ll th e q u a rte r No 1. is going to be r e h a b ilita ted . Its u rb a n scheme comes from th e 14th c en tu ry I t was situ a ted along th e ro adw ay lead in g tow a rd s th e ca stle an d canonic al complex. The fu n c tio n of th e ro adw ay w as commercial. As y e a rs pa ssed by, th e c h a ra c te r of th e buildings was changing. The ones w hich can be seen now along Grodzka s tre e t (former ro adway ) h av e been e re c ted in th e 18th a n d 19th centuries. This row of houses was in ten siv e ly completed, while a u x ilia ry build in g s along Małachowski s tre e t n e v e r stood in a row. The q u a rte r No 1. is situ a ted b e tw e en two m a rk e t p la ces. The Town Hall an d th e collegiate ch u rch of St. Michael a re e re c ted on one of th em an d th e c a th e d ra l complex, th e Bishops P a la c e a n d th e co u rt — on a n o th e r. All th e se buildings a re s itu a te d along th e edge of th e h igh b an k of th e V istu la riv e r. Such exposition adds to a r a n k of q u a rte r No 1. an d re su lts in c e rta in designing limits. One of th em is a re p re s e n ta tiv e an d commercial fu n c tio n w h ich it has to fu lfill besides a r e sid en tia l function. To ta l a re a of q u a rte r No 1. is 1,14 ha, w h ile th e ra tio of b u ilt- u p a re a s to th e to ta l a re a re a ch e s 40%. Aims of design: The designers have come to conclusion th a t th ey should stre ss th e co n tin u ity of h is to ric a l d evelopment of q u a r te r -N o 1. a n d p ro te c t ex is tin g e lem en ts of cu ltu ra l heritag e an d c h a ra c te r of a rc h ite c tu re . T h a t aim m ay be o b ta in ed by means of th e following actions: 1. R e sto ra tio n of sa tisfy in g te ch n ic a l conditions of b u ildings w hich has to be sim u ltan eo u s w ith th e p ro cess of liftin g th em u p to co n tem p o ra ry liv in g stan d a rd s. 2. Re sh ap in g of u rb a n complex b e a rin g in mind th e idea of designing it in a w ay e n su rin g en v iro nm en ta l v alues, w hich have to be in accordance w ith our a rc h ite c tu ra l n o rm ativ es. 3. A d ap ta tio n of such functions, w hich would allow p r e se rv a tio n of v a lu ab le a rc h ite c tu ra l forms. 4. E q u ipm en t of re s id e n tia l u n its w ith accompanying e le ments of th e so-called small a rc h ite c tu re . 5. P ro te c tio n from tire in g communication problems. Method of wo rk : In o rd e r to o b ta in th e b e st re su lts th e method of d e signing ap ro a ch e s was adopted. Of course c e rta in c h a n ges h av e to be in tro d u c ed d u rin g th e designing process. Such elem en ts as p ro g ram m e an d fu n c tio n a re ch an g in g as n ew in fo rm a tio n co n cern in g h isto ric a l an d a rch eo lo gical re s e a rc h is obtained. Area of q u a rte r No 1. has been th e su b je c t to th e fo llowing p lan s an d designs. 1. S tu d y of ex is tin g s ta te of th e medieval city an d th e complex from th e classicism period. 2. P re am b le design (functiona l an d a rc h ite c tu ra l) showing th e proposed in co rp o ra tio n period in to th e u rb a n s tru c tu re of co n tem p o ra ry town. 3. C o n se rv a to ry reconnaissance. 4. C o n se rv a to ry assumptions. 5. Assumptions p rep a re d by th e local communal a u th o r ity (concerning th e q u a rte r as a whole). 6. P re am b le u rb a n an d a rc h ite c tu ra l designs for th e a re a of q u a rte r No 1. H e re h av e to be m en tio n ed th e a u x ilia ry designs: comm u n a l in s ta lla tio n s , cost c a lcu la tio n s, technological d e te r m in a tio n etc. 7. T e chno-economical p re su p p o sitio n s in a fo rm of a complex design. B u t on th e o th e r h a n d th e d e sig n e rs su ffe r a few s e tbacks too. One of th em is th e u n a b ility of p re s e rv a tio n of 100% of e x is tin g b u ild in g su b stan ce. A lth o u g h th e r e a re c e rta in te c h n ic a l solutions by m e an s of w h ich it is possible to m an ag e each of ex is tin g b u ildings a n d to b rin g it u p to th e s ta te of sp len d o u r — t i m e to tim e economical re a litie s fo rc e us to ta k e u p decisions to d emo lish some objects. Economical c a lc u la tions in such cases a re simple: to ta l cost is too h ig h a n d re a lis a tio n of d esign too m u c h w o rk -co n sum in g in comp a riso n w ith th e h y p o th e tic a l h is to ric a l an d a rc h ite c tu ra l value. G en e ra l p rin c ip le s: Th e d esig n e rs h av e followed c e rta in prin cip les, listed below: 1. sp a tia l fo rm of th e q u a r te r is of essential, su p e rio r value, 2. h e ig h t of th e n ew ly d esigned bu ild in g s c an n o t be b ig ger th a n th e h e ig h t of th e ex is tin g ones, 3. n ew ly e re c te d o bjects c an n o t d e te rio ra te in so la tio n conditions, 4. in te rio r of th e q u a rte r sh o u ld follow th e tra d itio n of p riv a te c o u rty a rd s — i.e. g en e ra l c h a ra c te r of p riv a te space w ith p a r tia l p e n e tr a tio n by p a sse rb y s should r e main. Newly e re c te d buildings. I t is u n d e rs to o d th a t desig n in g of m o d e rn b u ildings in h is to ric a l c o n tex t is d ifficu lt an d can be b ro u g h t u p fo r discussion. F in a l success depends upon in d iv id u a l c a p a b ility of th e designer. We h av e chosen sev e ra l m a in ob je c tiv e s fo r new buildings designed by us in q u a rte r No 1. in Płock: 1. each h is to ric a l p e rio d should be visible in tow n ’s a rc h ite c tu re , 2. th e r e is no re a so n fo r w h ich m o d e rn bu ild in g s should n o t be s itu a te d in im med ia te n e ig h b o u rh o od w ith old buildings, 3. co n tem p o ra ry a rc h ite c tu re in h is to ric a l co n tex t should follow a few ru le s: — b rav e , fu n c tio n a l solutions sh o u ld be chosen, — it sh o u ld c o n tra s t b oth in fo rm a n d d e ta il w ith old buildings, — it sh o u ld n o t d om in a te in a sp a tia l sense, it should .en su re c o n tin u ity of sp a tia l development, — it should n o t m ak e impossible fu r th e r sp a tia l develo pm en t of th e q u a rte r. The conclusion w h e th e r th e designers h av e fu lfille d th e ir aims w ould belong to in h a b ita n ts of th e Old Town. Comp a ra tiv e data fo r th e qu a rter No 1. in Plock P re s e n t d a ta Design Are a of th e q u a rte r 1,14 ha 1,14 h a Resources of th e q u a rte r U tilita ria n a re a 6166 m‘ 11 566 m* In d ic a to r of in te n s iv ity of u rb an iz a tio n , i.e. 0,84 1Д to ta l a re a of b u ild in g s /a re a of th e q u a r te r N umb e r of in h a b ita n ts 268 290 N um b e r of re s id e n tia l fla ts in th e q u a r te r 106 84 A verage size of a fla t 44,3 m 2 65,7 m 2 Av e rag e n um b e r of sq u a re a re a p e r one in h a b ita n t 13,6 m 2 19,1 m 2 To ta l a re a of workshops, commercial an d c u ltu ra l objects, etc... 3000 m 2 5370 m 2 1. Th e c ap ita l e x p e n d itu re is covered by th e City A u th o ritv of Płock. 2. The scope of design: 120 h ecta res. 3. The designing w o rk on th is su b je c t has began in 1978 an d still cotinued.

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3 Ochrona Zabytków

3 Sawicki O.

2 Szczerba W.

1 1984

1 1983

1 1978

Problemy rewaloryzacji zabytkowych zespołów w świetle prac studialnych i projektowych

Komu Norblina, komu?

Rewaloryzacja zespołu staromiejskiego w Płocku