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Krumlovský Mistr dvou stylů: k počátku renesanční knižní vazby v Čechách

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Boldan K.
Umění (Art)
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2022
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vol. 70
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issue 1
58-75
EN
This essay is a reaction sixty years on to the study by Bohumil Nuska entitled ‘The Beginnings of Czech Renaissance Bookbinding’ (Umění X, 1962). Nuska showed how the defining location for the migration of Renaissance style to the Czech lands was Krakow, whence several trained bookbinders travelled to Prague around 1520. More recently, Petr Voit examined a group of early Renaissance bindings and concluded that they were the work of the sole workshop of the ‘Czech Rights’ Master Bookbinder, which employed several craftsmen. This workshop had been producing bookbinding from the latter half of the 1510s, the decoration of which, with its dominant composition and detailed work with a blank space, was diametrically different to the production of other Czech workshops, which typically featured a frame composition and a stamp pattern filling the entire central field. Nuska’s claim regarding the Polish contribution to the formation of early Renaissance bookbinding in the Czech lands remains valid. However, in this study I set out to counter the claim that its appearance was sudden and without precedent. The hitherto overlooked workshop of the Master of Two Styles had adopted the Renaissance style more than a decade earlier, and fashion designs featuring predominantly circular elements had allowed it to create the bindings of advanced Viennese workshops according to a related stamping apparatus. On the basis of 21 recorded stamps, I have identified a total of 35 bookbindings made by the Master of Two Styles between 1494 and 1520 (appendices A, B). An analysis of the indications of provenance of these manuscripts and prints clearly shows that they were created in Český Krumlov. To begin with the Master created the decoration using the customary frame concept. However, by the end of the first decade of the 16th century at the latest, he was placing circular features in the middle of the central fields and quarterly sectors in the corners comprising one or more concentric circles. The internal circumference was most often bordered with prints of the characteristic headed stamp
CS
Příspěvek s odstupem šedesáti let reaguje na studii Bohumila Nusky Počátky české renesanční knižní vazby (Umění X, 1962), v níž autor doložil, že určující lokalitou pro migraci renesančního slohu do Čech byl Krakov, odkud kolem roku 1520 přišlo do Prahy asi několik vyučených knihvazačů. Nověji se skupinou raně renesančních vazeb zabýval Petr Voit, který došel k závěru, že jsou prací jediné dílny Mistra práv českých, zaměstnávající více řemeslníků. Ta od sklonku druhého desetiletí 16. století zhotovovala knižní vazby, jejichž výzdoba se od produkce zbylých českých dílen — s typickou rámovou kompozicí a kolkovým desénem vyplňujícím celé střední pole — diametrálně lišila již dominantovou kompozicí a promyšlenou prací s prázdnou plochou. Nuskův závěr o určujícím polském podílu na formování raně renesanční vazby v Čechách zůstává platný, ovšem tvrzení, že její výskyt je náhlý a bez předchozího vývoje, autor příspěvku koriguje. Dosud nepovšimnutá dílna Mistra dvou stylů k renesančnímu slohu nakročila o více než jednu dekádu dříve a módní vzory s kruhovými dominantami jí i podle příbuzného kolkového aparátu prostředkovaly vazby vyspělých vídeňských dílen. Autor na základě 21 podchycených kolků identifikoval celkem 35 knižních vazeb zhotovených Mistrem dvou stylů zhruba v rozmezí let 1494–1520 (přílohy A, B). Analýza provenienčních znaků těchto rukopisů i tisků jednoznačně prokázala, že tvořil v Českém Krumlově. Zprvu výzdobu utvářel v obvyklém rámovém konceptu, ovšem nejpozději na konci prvního desetiletí 16. století umisťoval doprostřed středních polí kruhové dominanty a do rohů čtvrtkruhové výseče, tvořené jednou či několika soustřednými kružnicemi a po vnitřním obvodu lemované nejčastěji otisky charakteristického hlavičkového kolku. Novátorství krumlovského Mistra netkvělo ve změněné morfologii nářadí (velká část kolků podržela osvědčený pozdně gotický ráz), nýbrž v ocenění středové dominanty a jinak (polo)prázdné plochy zrcadla.
2
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Klementinská korvínka a její osudy v 16. až 18. století

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Boldan K.
Studie o rukopisech (Manuscript Studies)
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2022
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vol. 52
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issue 1
70-90
EN
The paper reconstructs the fate of a codex from the library of Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary and Bohemia, which is in the possession of the National Library in Prague now. From the middle of the 16th century, it was deposited at Uhrovec Castle in Slovakia, which belonged to the Zay family; at the end of the 17th century, it was moved to Bohemia – first to the library of the de Suys family at Kounice Castle, later to the castle of the Thuns in Choltice, from where it was donated to the Capuchin monastery in Prague-Hradčany in the 1720s.
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Basilejská univerzita, tiskař Johannes Frobenius a recepce jeho tisků v českých zemích

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Boldan K.
Knihy a dějiny (Books and history)
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2022
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vol. 29
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issue 1-2
80-114
EN
Although Basel book printing had a major influence on the development of humanistic studies in the 16th century, its import into the Czech lands has not been studied so far. This study explores books printed by a famous printer Johann Froben (ca. 1460–1527), and their representation in selected Czech and Moravian libraries. Using methods of provenance research, I have identified specimens that arrived in our territory not long after their printing, paying a special attention to the titles created by people from the circle of the University of Basel. My research has shown that although Czech students rarely attended Basel University until the mid-16th century, works by Basel University scholars from Froben printing house were available in Bohemia and Moravia as early as in the second and third decade of the 16th century. Furthermore, the books printed by Froben penetrated much better into the Catholic regions of Bohemia and Moravia, more open to modern humanistic studies.
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Špýrský tiskař Peter Drach a počátky knihkupecké sítě v Čechách a na Moravě

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Boldan K.
Studie o rukopisech (Manuscript Studies)
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2022
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vol. 52
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issue 2
130-159
EN
An essential source for the knowledge of the trade in printed books in the 15th century is the fragment of the German-written ledger of the Speyer publisher Peter Drach discovered in 1957 and made available for publication by the incunabulist Ferdinand Geldner (Dillingen, Studienbibliothek, Ms. XV 488). Important passages related to the Czech lands, including a list of Drach’s book-selling warehouses, have been reprinted and interpreted by Professor Ivan Hlaváček, who, however, has noted that the persons mentioned should be identified more precisely by means of local research. The author has prepared a new edition of the list of Bohemian and Moravian warehouses, in which he has slightly corrected some of Geldner’s readings and, above all, deciphered the name of Drach’s sales representative in Kutná Hora. The study provides a more detailed identification of the people in charge of the regional sales of the printed books imported by Drach’s Bohemian-Moravian commercial agent Johann Schmidhofer.
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Letopisné záznamy v Bibli utrakvistického kněze Jana Gaudencia

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Boldan K.
Studie o rukopisech (Manuscript Studies)
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2016
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vol. 46
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issue 1
85-106
EN
This paper focuses on Utraquist priest Jan Gaudencius (+ c. 1455), from whose quite extensive library only a parchment Bible copied in 1418 has been preserved. From 1431, when he began to work in Litoměřice, he started using in to note down chronicle records, not only on important events, but also on the weather. Gaudencius and other users of the Bible continued this in the Western Bohemian town of Žlutice.
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Dílna českobudějovického knihvazače Jana Benešovského

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Boldan K.
Knihy a dějiny (Books and history)
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2023
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vol. 30
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issue 1-2
78-113
EN
The bookbinding workshops operating in Bohemia and Moravia in the Jagiellonian period are often recorded in the Einbanddatenbank database; however, their location is usually not detailed. The first bookbinder documented in České Budějovice was Jan Benešovský (Hans Peneschauer). The study shows that Jan Benešovský can be very likely ascribed to a group of bindings from the workshop to which Einbanddatenbank attaches the Notname Lilien-Palmette II. The binding tools (32 stamps) helped to identify a total of 33 volumes that were bound by the workshop between the late 1470s and 1517. The provenance analysis of these manuscripts and early printed books determined beyond any doubt that the workshop had operated in the largest town in South Bohemia. The motif analysis of the workshop tools and the analysis of the compositional schemes of the decoration show that Jan Benešovský’s workshop would not yet adopt the Renaissance style of decoration. Further mapping of the activities of workshops outside Prague will hopefully clarify whether they were involved in the sale of printed books as actively as Jan Benešovský.
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Eine unbekannte Handschrift mit einer Porträtgalerie der Wettiner

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Boldan K., Thümmel E.
Studie o rukopisech (Manuscript Studies)
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2017
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vol. 47
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issue 1
49-69
EN
The paper draws attention to an almost unknown manuscript that had been held in the Cistercian Monastery library at Osek and has been kept in the Plzeň Municipal Archive since 1970. It contains full-page copies of the Wettin gallery portraits commissioned by the end of the 1580s by Christian I of Saxony from court painter Heinrich Göding. The lixurious binding of the manuscript shows that it was written at the same time as the portrait gallery was produced directly for Christian I. The manuscript has an inestimable value nowadays because original canvases painted by Göding are unaccounted for since the end of World War Two.
8
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Písař a tiskař Martin z Tišnova

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Boldan K., Zachová I.
Studie o rukopisech (Manuscript Studies)
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2013
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vol. 42
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issue 1
7-31
EN
This study draws attention to new facts coming out of the scribal colophons of a manuscript miscellany held by the St. James Parsonage Library in Brno and it completes curriculum vitae of Martin of Tišnov who used to be known as a scribe of manuscripts and the author of two Latin panegyrics. He is documented as a parson in Sebranice in the Blansko region at least in the years 1475-1483. He was in connection with the important family of noblemen of Boskovice for a long time. For the time being, however, we are not sure if he can be identified with the printer Martin of Tišnov who edited a Czech Bible in Kutná Hora in 1489 an who also edited the two earliest Prague prints in 1478.
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