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EN
The authors present amendments to the acts regulating the functioning of the Polish Sejm, adopted in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic. The introduced changes included, among other things, new regulations concerning the organisation of the Sejm’s plenary sittings. The text analyses in particular the issue of conducting sittings and voting with the use of means of remote communication.
EN
The authors present procedures and protective measures regarding the COVID-19 pandemic applicable in the Polish Sejm. Activities in this scope are carried out on the basis of ‘Guidelines for the functioning of state offices and institutions during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Poland’. The general rules include maintaining spatial distance, covering the mouth and nose, and the obligation to disinfect hands at the entrance to the building. Members can attend the plenary sitting in the Sejm building (in the plenary hall and in designated rooms) as well as remotely.
EN
The authors present information on holding presidential elections in Poland in 2020 in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. They indicate, among other things, what anti-epidemic measures were taken to ensure the protection of life and health of voters, members of election commissions and other participants in the election process. Moreover, they present issues on how to ensure voting for voters under compulsory quarantine or mandatory isolation and indicate voting rules adopted specifically in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic and legislative changes made, including amendment to the Electoral Code.
EN
The article describes legal solutions for children and youth sports in selected European countries. The authors analyze regulations protecting children and adolescents from sexual abuse and undignified treatment. The article also specifies the actions to be taken when illegal behavior is detected, the criminal sanctions for committing crimes against minors, and the legal requirements for those who work with children and adolescents.
EN
The term bilingual education for deaf people means teaching the use of two or more languages, at least one of which is a sign language. Its introduction in educational systems around the world depends on many factors, such as the educational management system, the way education for people with disabilities is organised, historical, social and economic conditions. It is therefore difficult to identify a unified model for the education of people with hearing impairments. The opinion presents solutions used in 15 EU countries and the United States.
EN
In the paper, the authors present and analyse the legal acts regulating the issue of parental alienation in selected EU countries and the specific legal solutions concerning the contact of the other parent with the child after divorce, the exercise of parental authority and the ways of settling custody disputes between parents.
EN
The rules for the organisation of health policy on immunization are defined by each state in relation to its citizens. The laws of individual EU countries make the possibility of vaccinating minors dependent on, among other things, the age of the person to be vaccinated and the consent of one or both parents or other legal guardians. The analysis presents the requirements for parental consent and the age limits in each country from which minors can decide for themselves to be vaccinated.
EN
The study outlines the legal basis for the functioning of sports federations in each country, as well as the procedures for the election of members of the governing bodies and the internal regulations relating to gender parity in the governing bodies of sports associations and federations.
EN
The paper concerns selected issues related to parliamentary procedures. The primary aim is to investigate a particular category of motions, defined by rules of procedure of the Polish parliament as points of order (literally “formal motions”). In Poland, points of order are recognised as a separate category of motions. They may be submitted only in respect of matters being the subject of the orders of the day or the proceedings in a sitting and include, inter alia, motions to: suspend, postpone or close the sitting; close the discussion; alter the procedure of the discussion; close the list of speakers; limit the time of speeches; confirm a quorum. The authors examine how motions of similar subject scope are regulated in foreign national parliaments.
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