Artykuł przedstawia współczesne ujęcia systemu Ja, koncentrując się na perspektywie psychologii społeczno-poznawczej. Jest to tłem do wyjaśnienia zależności między Ja a tożsamością osobistą. Wyznaczenie relacji między tymi dwoma konstruktami to zaniedbywany problem teoretyczny. Podjęcie go stanowi nie tylko o klaryfikacji pola badań, ale również o postępie w ramach integracji wiedzy w tym obszarze. Tekst skupia się na priorytetowych z perspektywy społeczno-poznawczej zagadnieniach złożoności i dynamiki, jako zasad organizujących funkcjonowanie systemu Ja. Przedstawiono w nim, jak na bazie heterogenicznego Ja wyrastają dynamiczne ujęcia tożsamości osobistej, której przypisuje się potencjalną niejednorodność i zmienność.
EN
The paper presents contemporary views of the self-system, focusing on the perspective of social-cognitive psychology. On the basis of current studies, links between self and personal identity are explained. Establishing the relationship between those two constructs is a neglected theoretical problem. Undertaking this issue is essential not only to the clarification of the empirical field but also to progress in the integration of knowledge in this area. The paper is focused on the issues of self-complexity and dynamics as principles of self-system organization that are crucial from the social-cognitive point of view. It elucidates how the idea of a heterogenous self implies a dynamic view of personal identity, which is potentially multifaceted and changeable.
The paper presents dialogical self theory and its current theoretical and empirical status. We start with some inspirations from philosophy and literature and then describe the main thesis of the theory - self-multiplicity conceptualized in terms of I-positions and the dynamic relations between them. In the next section we present examples of empirical explorations of inner dialogical activity. Although dialogical self theory is generally perceived as a qualitative approach, there is a growing number of quantitative studies conducted both in correlational and experimental designs. Moreover, numerous interesting and promising topics are still open for further research - e.g. temporal dialogues, dialogical interpretations of personal identity, values and valuation, relations between self and culture. After reviewing these empirical results we try to explore the relations between the dialogical and the cognitive approach to self-multiplicity. We propose that those two approaches can be seen as complementary rather than competing. The last section discusses some practical implications of dialogical self theory for psychotherapy and counseling.
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