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1
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Powrót do przedkryzysowej polityki pieniężnej a stabilność systemu finansowego

100%
Skibińska-Fabrowska I.
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace
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2017
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issue 1
190-200
PL
Faced with the financial crisis in 2008, the central banks used conventional monetary policy instruments. However, the problem of zero lower bond forced them to use unconventional monetary policy instruments - quantitative easing carried out as part of the so-called central bank balance sheet politics and relying on the buying by the central bank of di&erent kinds of financial assets - resulting in stabilization of the situation on financial markets in conditions of low long-term interest rates. Balance sheet totals of the central banks rose repeatedly. Their structure also changed. At present possible effects for the stability of the financial system of the return to the pre-crisis monetary policy are the topic of debate. The exit strategy is giving rise to a significant risks and the coordination of economic policy and the transparency of action taken by monetary authorities can only minimize possible negative effects
2
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Niestandardowa polityka pieniężna Narodowego Banku Czech

100%
Skibińska-Fabrowska I.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia
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2018
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vol. 52
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issue 4
EN
In the face of the global financial crisis, many central banks applied non-standard monetary policy instruments. They were activated after lowering short-term interest rates to a level close to zero and after the use of classical tools was exhausted. In the conditions of negative GDP growth, low inflation and zero interest rates, the Czech National Bank decided to use the exchange rate as a non-standard instrument of monetary policy. The activities carried out stimulated economic growth and had a relatively small impact on the level of inflation. The Czech experience allows determining the conditions in which it is possible to apply the exchange rate as an instrument of monetary policy and the expected effects of its introduction.
PL
W obliczu globalnego kryzysu finansowego wiele banków centralnych zastosowało niestandardowe instrumenty polityki pieniężnej. Były one uruchamiane po obniżeniu krótkoterminowych stóp procentowych do poziomu bliskiego zera i po wyczerpaniu się możliwości stosowania klasycznych narzędzi. Narodowy Bank Czech w warunkach ujemnej dynamiki PKB, niskiej inflacji i zerowych stóp procentowych zdecydował o zastosowaniu kursu walutowego jako niestandardowego instrumentu polityki pieniężnej. Prowadzone działania przyniosły efekt w postaci pobudzenia wzrostu gospodarczego przy relatywnie niewielkim wpływie na poziom inflacji. Doświadczenia Czech pozwalają na określenie warunków, w jakich możliwe jest zastosowanie kursu walutowego jako instrumentu polityki pieniężnej oraz spodziewanych efektów jego wprowadzenia.
3
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Unconventional monetary policy of the European Central Bank: A brief recapitulation

100%
Skibińska-Fabrowska I.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia
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2019
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vol. 53
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issue 3
EN
The financial and economic crisis that has hit many economies in recent years has significantly increased the activity of central banks. After using the standard instruments of conducting monetary policy, in view of the obstruction of monetary impulse transmission channels, they reached for non-standard instruments. Among them, asset purchase programs played a significant role. The European Central Bank (ECB) launched the largest asset purchase programme (APP) of this type in 2014 and expired in December 2018. The aim of the undertaken activities was to improve the situation on the financial market and stimulate economic growth. The article reviews the literature and results of research on the effects of the program and indicates the possibility of using the ECB’s experience in conducting monetary policy by the National Bank of Poland.
PL
The financial and economic crisis that has hit many economies in recent years has significantly increased the activity of central banks. After using the standard instruments of conducting monetary policy, in view of the obstruction of monetary impulse transmission channels, they reached for non-standard instruments. Among them, asset purchase programs played a signifciant role. The European Central Bank (ECB) launched the largest asset purchase programme (APP) of this type in 2014 and expired in December 2018. The aim of the undertaken activities was to improve the situation on the financial market and stimulate economic growth. The article reviews the literature and results of research on the effects of the program and indicates the possibility of using the ECB’s experience in conducting monetary policy by the National Bank of Poland.
4
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Niestandardowe instrumenty polityki pieniężnej – doświadczenia Narodowego Banku Węgier

100%
Skibińska-Fabrowska I.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia
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2017
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vol. 51
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issue 6
EN
The crisis that broke out in September 2008 has caused disturbances in the functioning of many economies. In response to the crisis, both governments and central banks have taken many steps. In the early stages they did not usually go beyond conventional tools. However, over time, the instruments started to become more and more unconventional. In the case of Hungary, the crisis has caused many unfavorable phenomena, both in the real and in monetary sphere. The National Bank of Hungary has developed non-standard monetary policy instruments that, on the one hand, improve the stability of the national financial system and, on the other, support the government’s program. This article will attempt to answer a question on the effectiveness of the central bank’s tools.
PL
Kryzys, który wybuchł we wrześniu 2008 r., wywołał zaburzenia w funkcjonowaniu wielu gospodarek. W reakcji na zjawiska kryzysowe zarówno rządy, jak i banki centralne podjęły liczne działania. W początkowej fazie nie wykraczały one zazwyczaj poza narzędzia konwencjonalne. Jednak wraz z upływem czasu uruchamiane instrumenty stawały się coraz bardziej niestandardowe. W przypadku Węgier kryzys wywołał wiele niekorzystnych zjawisk w sferze realnej i w sferze pieniężnej. Narodowy Bank Węgier wypracował niestandardowe instrumenty polityki monetarnej mające z jednej strony wpłynąć na poprawę stabilności krajowego systemu finansowego, a z drugiej wspierać program rządu. W artykule została podjęta próba odpowiedzi na pytanie dotyczące skuteczności uruchamianych przez bank centralny narzędzi.
5
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Forward guidance jako instrument polityki pieniężnej – możliwości wykorzystania

100%
 Skibińska-Fabrowska I.
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace
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2015
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vol. 3
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issue 1
51-60
PL
Communication policy of central banks in the framework of direct inflation targeting strategy and related strategies is important. Its tools include forward guidance as a method of influencing the expectations of market participants. Although forward guid a method of influencing the expectations of market participants. Although forward guidance was used before the outbreak of the financial crisis, it was not popular. After 2008, under conditions of zero interest rate, monetary authorities have begun to use the forward guidance as an unconventional and effective instrument allowing monetary policy to have impact on market interest rates. However, the risks when using forward guidance include the possibility of misinterpretation of the conditional nature of the declaration of the monetary authorities. 
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Rola banku centralnego w czasie kryzysu bankowego na przykładzie Banku Centralnego Islandii- wnioski dla Polski

100%
Skibińska-Fabrowska I.
Zarządzanie i Finanse
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2013
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vol. 2
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issue 1
529-540
PL
Artykuł stanowi próbę przedstawienia roli, jaką bank centralny może od-grywać w czasie kryzysu bankowego, przeradzającego się w kryzys finansowy i gospodarczy. Rozważania zostały oparte o doświadczenia Banku Centralnego Islandii po 2001 roku. Wskazano na sposób sformułowania celu oraz zaprezentowano zestaw narzędzi służących jego realizacji. Przedstawiono także przebieg kryzysu z uwzględnieniem analizy działań podejmowanych przez bank centralny w celu minimalizowania skutków zaburzeń na rynku finansowym dla gospodarki kraju. Szczególna uwaga została zwrócona na niestandardowy charakter podejmowanych działań. Wnioski wskazują na konieczność podjęcia dyskusji nad modyfikacją stosowanej w wielu krajach strategii polityki pienięż-nej opartej na bezpośrednim celu inflacyjnym.
7

Polityka pieniężna Banku Japonii prowadzona w reakcji na długotrwały kryzys gospodarczy – próba uogólnienia doświadczeń

100%
Skibińska-Fabrowska I.
Roczniki Ekonomii i Zarządzania
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2014
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vol. 6(42)
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issue 2
191-215
PL
W artykule przedstawiono politykę pieniężną prowadzoną przez Bank Japonii w reakcji na kryzys gospodarczy. Zaburzenia rynkowe dotknęły Japonię już w latach dziewięćdziesiątych XX wieku. Wywołały one kolejno kryzys bankowy i gospodarczy oraz długotrwałą deflację. Od tego czasu bank centralny uruchamia różne programy mające na celu ustabilizowanie sytuacji i stymulowanie gospodarki. Różnorodność zastosowanych narzędzi komponowanych w kompleksowe programy stanowi szerokie spektrum możliwych aktywności władz monetarnych. Analiza skuteczności podejmowanych działań pozwala na wysnucie ogólniejszych wniosków dotyczących polityki pieniężnej w warunkach kryzysu.W artykule została podjęta próba wskazania działań, jakie może podjąć bank centralny, aby zminimalizować skutki kryzysu na rynku finansowym i efektywnie wesprzeć zagrożone podmioty
EN
In the article monetary policy of the Bank of Japan in the reaction to an economic crisis was described. Market disorders afflicted Japan already in years 90. of the 20th century. They triggered the bank and economic crisis and the long-term deflation as their result. Since then the central bank is starting various programs being aimed at stabilizing the situation and stimulating the economy. The diversity of measures composed into comprehensive programs constitutes the widest spectrum of possible activities of monetary authorities. The effectiveness analysis of taken action allows for pulling the general conclusions concerning the monetary policy out in conditions of the crisis. A made attempt to show action the central bank can take which stayed in the article so that minimize effects of crisis on the financial market and effectively support endangered entities.
8

Sytuacja finansowa banków spółdzielczych i spółdzielczych kas oszczędnościowo-kredytowych w okresie od 2009 do 30 czerwca 2013 roku - kwestie wybrane

100%
Skibińska-Fabrowska I.
Roczniki Ekonomii i Zarządzania
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2014
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vol. 6(42)
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issue 1
9-32
EN
In the article was made the analysis of the position of co-operative banks and credit unions in Polish financial market. Discussions were based on available financial data and the up-todate literature on the subject. The analysis was provided in period of 2009 to 2013 (according to data in the 1st half-year). In the first part of the article was made analysis of the share in the financial market and comparing with the sector commercial banks of co-operative banks and credit unions. The second part of the article was devoted to discussing some measures which characterize financial position of co-operative banks and credit unions. Indicated potential sources of examined problems of the institution stayed in this part. The third part had character summing up and was concentrating on threats associated with the current situation of co-operative banks and credit unions as well as was signaling directions of action necessary for the withdrawal.
9
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Corporate Investment in Bank-Dependent Companies in Crisis Time

63%
Bukalska E., Skibińska-Fabrowska I.
Central European Economic Journal
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2023
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vol. 10
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issue 57
1-22
EN
The aim of this paper is to ascertain corporate investment reaction in bank-dependent companies in times of crisis. Our investigation covers the differences in corporate investment reaction due to the global financial crisis (GFC) of 2007–2009 and the COVID-19 crisis of 2020–2021. We utilized panel data of companies present on the Warsaw Stock Exchange during the GFC and COVID-19 crisis-932 firm-year observations. We found a negative relationship between bank dependence (static ratio) and corporate investment, but a statistical significance was found only for the GFC period. We also found a positive relationship between bank dependence (dynamic ratio) and corporate investment, but statistical significance was found only for the GFC period. Additionally, we found that during the COVID-19 crisis, the level of corporate investment was at its lowest level, but the biggest drop was noticeable during the GFC when compared to the pre-GFC period. Our article contributes to the existing research by being part of the research on corporate investment and capital structure. It consists of the research on one of the determinants of the corporate investment and capital structure decisions-macroeconomic turbulence manifested in economic crises.
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