The presented text, prepared for a scientific conference on the philosophical work of W. Stróżewski and W. Tatarkiewicz, presents an analysis of selected issues regarding the concept of phenomenology implemented in the work of W. Stróżewski. It is an original concept, the essence of which boils down to an attempt to combine broadly understood classical philosophy with many threads of the various proposals by representatives of the phenomenological position. The understanding of phenomenology proposed by W. Stróżewski is an important voice in the discussion about the scope of possible applications of the phenomenological method in contemporary philosophical research. It can also become an important source for in-depth studies on the essence of phenomenology itself.
The Platonic theory of ideas was recognized in Greek antiquity as an essential part of Plato’s philosophy. Already within his Academy, it was subjected to multiple interpretations. It is enough to mention Speusipus, Xenocrates, or Aristotle. This process continues until today. Such is the strength of this Platonic concept that each era must subject it to its own specific interpretation, taking into account the language, science, and philosophy at its disposal. Today, of course, with much time-created perspective, we can see some essential elements of Plato's proposal with greater clarity. In the article I consider the hypothesis that the mathematical solutions present in Greek science in Plato's time influenced his formulation of the theory of ideas. It also seems important to note that many important mathematical intuitions that appeared in later times can already be found in Plato. It seems that these intuitions had a serious influence on his philosophical thinking. This concerns, first of all, one of the basic concepts of Greek mathematics, the concept of symmetry. I would like to show the role of symmetry in the formulation and creation of Plato’s theory of ideas.
The presented considerations are intended to further justify Aristotle's assessment of Socrates' philosophical propositions. He argues that Socrates should be recognized as the creator and "father" of the inductive method and the method of definition. In the article, I present the sources of Socratic intuitions, the way of understanding induction and the methods of defining, their individual stages, and the consequences of adapting these methods for Plato's philosophy.
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