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Globalne aspiracje ChRL

100%
Kotas J.
Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Międzynarodowego
|
2008
|
vol. 3
119-126
EN
The article presents the internal determinants of China’s superpower ambitions. The author claims that these ambitions are determined both by the country’s economic and political potential, and its conviction as to the necessity of carrying out a peculiarly conceived civilizational mission. The author goes on to explain that China’s global aspirations are generated by the nation’s vividness and dynamic development. Another important factor to reinforce China’s superpower position is its perfect diplomacy connected with an awareness of the necessity of civilizational mission carried out in the areas regarded as spheres of infl uence.
PL
Artykuł prezentuje uwarunkowania wewnętrzne chińskich ambicji mocarstwowych. Autor stwierdza, że są one determinowane zarówno potencjałem ekonomicznopolitycznym, jak przekonaniem o konieczności prowadzenia swoiście pojmowanej misji cywilizacyjnej. Wskazuje, że z jednej strony o globalnych aspiracjach Państwa Środka decydują takie cechy jak żywotność narodu i dynamika rozwoju. Ale równie istotnym czynnikiem, pozwalającym na uzyskanie pozycji mocarstwa globalnego jest perfekcyjna dyplomacja w powiązaniu z poczuciem konieczności prowadzenia misji cywilizacyjnej wobec obszarów uznanych za strefę wpływów.
2

Karać czy zasądzać — dylematy towarzyszące odpowiedzialności karnej za zniesławienie

100%
Kotas J.
Nowa kodyfikacja prawa karnego
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2020
|
vol. 56
13-38
EN
The Polish debate concerning the appropriate scope of freedom of expression and freedom of the press has a long history dating back almost 30 years. One of the crucial points in this debate is the criminal character of defamation in Poland. The text attempts to present the contemporary Polish legal regulations on defamation and also mentions some foreign solutions. The author analyses the normative notion of freedom of expression in Polish constitutional circumstances and within the light of national and international jurisprudence, concerning the limits of state intervention into the rights of free expression. The article postulates changes in the Polish regulations, at least the removal of restrictions and imprisonment from the Penal Code. Instead, the civil procedure shall be reformed to become friendlier and accessible for victims of violations of their personal dignity and the public picture. The prospects for this to occur in the existing Polish political reality are rather doubtful.
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