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EN
In old anthropological thought, animals were important elements of picturesque descriptions of human attitudes, and thus become one of the most important indicators of assessing a man's identity. In order to visualize the battle, the anonymous author of the 12th century chronicle entitled 'Cronicae et gesta ducum sive principum Polonorum' often links it with hunting for wild animals (the wild pig, the bear) or compares it to other animals' behavior (the lion, the wolf, the pig, the hare, the mouse, the hedgehog, the dragon). Such comparisons can be interpreted in the context of the classical rhetoric theory: 'locus a comparatione, similitudo'. In spite of the twofold restrictions (Anonymous called Gallus and the subject/object of research in the poetics of experience verbalized in 'Polish Chronicle'), it can be argued that the work answers the question of 'Who is the man and what is he like?' in an anthropological way: on the battlefield the man is a perverted animal, and the direct combat helps him to notice the power of his relationship with the world over which he sees himself.
Pamiętnik Literacki
|
2006
|
vol. 97
|
issue 2
65-74
EN
Socialist realism realization of apocrypha proves to be one of the evidences of 'deep' community of enemies. Medieval in its form and communist in its contents, socialist apocrypha becomes a genre form of biographic stories devoted to the leaders of the proletariat revolution, and as an orthodox message of communist belief it fills the blanks of canonical writings or - precisely - the leaders' official biographies. 'Engineering of human souls' to a lesser degree utilizes the characteristic of apocrypha art of imagery and to a large extent takes up its parenetic-persuasive functionality.
Pamiętnik Literacki
|
2007
|
vol. 98
|
issue 3
123-136
EN
As peculiar figures of social-realist panegyrics, Stalin and other leaders of communist parties set up a new literary genre, namely the soc-panegyric. Out of the ten mechanisms that through centuries praised kings or princes being topos of affected modesty, worldwide range of feelings, solar symbolism of power, praising and surpassing, theology of history as the power lifting the ruler, black-and-white picture of history, elevation even at the cost of contradictions, arbitrary selection of facts, 'fact-making' power of interpretation of events, and denial of exaggeration as its authentication, only the latter was not used by soc-panegyrists. It can most probably be explained with the fact that unsurpassed intensity of Stalinist terror blocked this mechanism which made way to most considerable threat to deconventionalization of the panegyric as well as the cult of which it was a part.
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