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  1. 2 Terroryzm - studia, analizy, prewencja

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  1. 2 Stodolnik M.

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  1. 2 2025

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Cyber threats as hybrid activity against the European Union in light of the current geopolitical situation

100%
Stodolnik M.
Terroryzm - studia, analizy, prewencja
|
2025
|
issue Special Issue
225-248
EN
The article presents analysis of cyber threats as a manifestation of the hybrid threats facing Europe. The author analysed reports from European Union and NATO countries in terms of how the identified threats are presented by intelligence services, governments and national CERTs (Computer Emergency Response Teams) and CSIRTs (Computer Security Incident Response Teams). She also discussed the categorisation of cyber threats based on their source of origin and their purpose, including state-sponsored, hacktivist and cybercriminal groups. She pointed to the increasing frequency of cyber attacks, especially those conducted from Russia and China, and discussed their impact on the critical infrastructure and political stability of states. She presented the changing landscape of cyber threats in Europe, gave examples of cyber attacks and described the methods of reporting these incidents adopted in Denmark, Germany, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia and Poland.
2
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Cyberzagrożenia jako działalność hybrydowa przeciwko Unii Europejskiej w świetle obecnej sytuacji geopolitycznej

100%
Stodolnik M.
Terroryzm - studia, analizy, prewencja
|
2025
|
issue Numer Specjalny
237-262
EN
The article presents analysis of cyber threats as a manifestation of the hybrid threats facing Europe. The author analysed reports from European Union and NATO countries in terms of how the identified threats are presented by intelligence services, governments and national CERTs (Computer Emergency Response Teams) and CSIRTs (Computer Security Incident Response Teams). She also discussed the categorisation of cyber threats based on their source of origin and their purpose, including state-sponsored, hacktivist and cybercriminal groups. She pointed to the increasing frequency of cyber attacks, especially those conducted from Russia and China, and discussed their impact on the critical infrastructure (CI) and political stability of states. She presented the changing landscape of cyber threats in Europe, gave examples of cyber attacks and described the methods of reporting these incidents adopted in Denmark, Germany, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia and Poland.
PL
W artykule została przedstawiona analiza cyberzagrożeń jako przejawu zagrożeń hybrydowych, z którymi zmaga się Europa. Autorka przeanalizowała raporty państw Unii Europejskiej i NATO pod kątem tego, w jaki sposób wskazane zagrożenia są prezentowane przez służby wywiadowcze, rządy oraz krajowe zespoły CERT (Computer Emergency Response Team) i CSIRT (Computer Security Incident Response Team). Omówiła również kategoryzację cyberzagrożeń na podstawie ich źródła pochodzenia oraz celu działania, z uwzględnieniem grup sponsorowanych przez państwa, haktywistycznych oraz cyberprzestępczych. Wskazała na wzrastającą częstość cyberataków, prowadzonych zwłaszcza z Rosji i Chin, oraz omówiła ich wpływ na infrastrukturę krytyczną i stabilność polityczną państw. Zaprezentowała zmieniający się krajobraz cyberzagrożeń w Europie, podała przykłady cyberataków oraz opisała sposoby raportowania o tych zdarzeniach przyjęte w Danii, Niemczech, Estonii, Litwie, Łotwie oraz Polsce.
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