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EN
This article investigates the change of Russian-Belarusian relations after the Ukraine conflict. With the escalation of the Ukrainian crisis, relations between the two countries have reached a critical point. This is mainly due to two factors. Firstly, the Belarusian elite have decided to remain neutral in connection with the crisis for fear that the conflict could escalate into the territory of Belarus. Secondly, the Russian Federation expected Belarus’s loyalty to the Kremlin. It cannot be unambiguously stated that the tense situation in the region is only a threat to Belarus. The SWOT analysis presented by the author in the final part of the text introduces the possibilities and obstacles to exploiting the potential of the Ukrainian Maidan. The author tried to describe the current alternatives to Belarusian politics, which after the outbreak of the conflict became hostage to its own political interests.
EN
The aim of the article is an analysis of the possibilities, means, and projects that lie within the scope of protection of national identity, rights of ethnic minorities, cultural policy activities, and bodies and institutions for the national cultural heritage. The research problem is an assessment of the intercultural dialogue in the Czech Republic, Moldova, and Bulgaria – states operating in the area of three cultural and civilizational circles of Central and Eastern Europe. The author puts forward the hypothesis that there exist differences and similarities between these countries in their developed perception of the issue of protection of culture and national identity, and in particular of non-ethnic solidarity and challenges in a multicultural ‚space’. In pursuing this research objective, finding answers to the following questions will be particularly important: To what extent is national culture and identity protected in Central and Eastern Europe? Is multicultural space in the Czech Republic, Moldova and Bulgaria treated as a threat or an added value? Due to the identification of behavioral variables as well as internal and external conditions, the study makes use of a systemic, historical-critical method, institutional and legal analysis, and a comparative method based on the consent method.
EN
The goal of this paper is to emphasise the role of the Uniformed Public Services, which specialise in maintaining security and public order. An important part of the paper is made up of the analysis of a variety of separate areas – such as military, paramilitary, and civilian – whose coexistence favours the correct integration of these groups into the public security system. In light of the above, the it has been acknowledged that the desirable methodological approach to apply in the paper is a systems approach to security, understood as the exploration of system and environment boundaries, the analysis of system coordination, and the interdependence of elements or subsystems. All these approaches allow to explicate a highly complex system
PL
Celem artykułu jest podkreślenie roli grup dyspozycyjnych, wyspecjalizowanych w utrzymywaniu bezpieczeństwa i porządku publicznego. Istotną część pracy stanowi analiza wyodrębnionych obszarów: militarnego, paramilitarnego czy cywilnego, których współistnienie sprzyja prawidłowemu włączeniu omawianych grup do systemu bezpieczeństwa publicznego. W związku z powyższym autorka uznaje, że pożądaną postawę metodologiczną stanowi systemowe podejście do bezpieczeństwa, rozumiane jako eksploracja granic systemu i otoczenia, analiza koordynacji systemu, współzależności elementów czy podsystemów, pozwalająca na eksplikację wysoce skomplikowanego układu
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