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The State and Local Self-Government. Territorial Organization of the State

100%
Kamiński R.
Polish Political Science Yearbook
|
2019
|
issue 4 (48)
543-558
EN
Local self-government constitutes a part of executive power in the state, with the state’s law underlying its functioning. Local government remains under the state’s supervision, representing a form of the political system within the decentralized public administration. 2018 marks 20 years of the functioning of local self-government based on a three-tier structure. The aim of the paper is an attempt at finding the answer to the question whether or not the organizational solutions adopted by the legislator and established in practice need to undergo reforms and if so, to what extent? The question thus formulated relates directly to the argument that the organization of local government system is not sound while the criteria assumed in the territorial breakdown of the local government organization do not correspond to the conditions in which those units operate, and therefore what appears necessary is for the system to be reorganized and the number of units at individual tiers to be reduced. The paper presents selected problems of the local administration in the context of a systemic organization and suggest possible (or necessary) changes which, in the author’s view, should become a subject of discussion (and in practice are such) between local selfgovernment and government administration.
2

Wpływ ubezpieczen obowiązkowych na konkurencję ubezpieczycieli oraz sytuację ubezpieczonych

100%
Kamiński R.
Prawo Asekuracyjne
|
2014
|
vol. 3(80)
47-56
PL
Ubezpieczenia obowiązkowe są nadużywaną konstrukcją prawną. Ma ona swoje daleko idące konsekwencje także w tym zakresie, w jakim może zakłócać konkurencję na rynku ubezpieczeniowym. Przy wprowadzaniu dalszych ubezpieczeń obowiązkowych zawsze powinny być rozważone konsekwencje dla naruszenia swobody konkurencji. Ten logiczny obowiązek jest, zdaniem autora, lekceważony przez polskiego ustawodawcę. „Miękki” rynek łatwo akceptujący ryzyka, z jakim mamy do czynienia w ostatnich latach, działa uspokajająco i nie stosuje sankcji za owo lekceważenie. Tymczasem powinniśmy rozpoznawać skutki wprowadzenia danych rozwiązań, zanim dotkną one poszukujących ochrony ubezpieczeniowej. Aby bronić konkurencji na rynku ubezpieczeń, cywilne prawo ubezpieczeniowe powinno zachowywać transparentność oraz promować zachowania spełniające tradycyjny standard najwyższego zaufania.
EN
The present article forms a foundation for the discussion on the influence of the compulsory insurance system upon the competition among insurance companies offering coverage in this regime as well as on the policyholders' competitiveness. Compulsory insurance is an overused legal structure. It has far-reaching consequences also in such a respect that it may interfere with the competitiveness of both insurers and the insured. The implications for the violation of freedom of competition should always be considered while introducing further obligatory insurance. According to the author, this logical obligation is ignored by the Polish legislator. The soft market easily accepting the risks which we have faced for the last few years has a calming effect and does not punish for this disrespect. However, the consequences of the introduction of certain solutions should be recognized before they affect those seeking protection. In conclusion, in order to defend competition in the insurance market civil insurance law should create and maintain possible transparency and promote behaviour meeting the traditional standard of the highest trust.
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