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The reality argument and its impact on the individual through the eyes of Gejza Vámoš

100%
Brocková A.
Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)
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2021
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vol. 69
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issue Special_Issue_1
117-127
EN
The goal of this paper was to explain the ideas contained in the essay The Reality Argument by Gejza Vámoš. Reality must be accounted for and justified, otherwise we are incapable of accepting it. If the reasons for a given reality are strong and convincing, it will be accepted. Many forgotten thinkers and figures that are inspirational to this day are echoed in Vámoš’s work. The essay is a specific continuation of Vámoš’s philosophical endeavours. Unlike in his other works, Vámoš abandons the biologising contemplations of a philosopher-physician, dealing here with the question of the individual and society. Is the way in which a reality is accepted different for the individual than for the masses? The question emerges of how it is possible to modify reality in the minds of people using different justifications. Although the essay is in many respects an example of author’s distinct free-thinking nature, this “socio-philosophical meditation”, as Vámoš himself dubbed it, may be added to the list of Vámoš’s efforts at being an educator and cultivator of society. He also emphasises the role of the philosopher and warns against the tendency of people to allow themselves to be controlled and, in many passages, he warns against various ways of manipulating reality.
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Pascalova hlediska

100%
Brocková A.
Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)
|
2024
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vol. 72
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issue Mimoradne_cislo_3
25-37
EN
The initial part of the paper deals with the situation of the knowing person in the context of the limits of knowledge. It focuses primarily on Pascal’s interpretation of the exhortation to know oneself, which will subsequently become the unifying motif of the entire text presented here. Although only Thoughts is discussed here, there presently follows a passage focusing on the broader context of this topic within the framework of the entirety of Pascal’s life and work. Following this part comes the primary analysis of the paper, which is dedicated to the question of how Blaise Pascal takes perspective into account in the context of knowledge. The given problem is first introduced by an excursion into Pascal’s reflections on two types of thinking (l’esprit de géométrie and l’esprit de finesse) and the ways of knowledge. The primary part of the analysis is focused especially on Pascal’s “observing,” where observation is focused above all on fragments in which the French philosopher takes into account the inconstancy of the human in the partiality of the point-of-view, emphasizes the instability of knowledge and its methods, uses the metaphor of painterly perspective and reflects on the (im)possibility of having truth. At the same time, Pascal’s reflections are supported by the approaches of some later thinkers – Friedrich Nietzsche and José Ortega y Gasset. Taking into account the promising nature of knowledge, and coming to terms with it, is identified as an expression of Pascal’s intellectual unpretentiousness and humility.
CS
Úvodní část příspěvku se věnuje situaci poznávajícího člověka v kontextu mezí poznání. Pascalova interpretace výzvy Poznej sebe sama je následně spojujícím motivem celého předkládaného textu. Ačkoli jsou zde probírány pouze Myšlenky, následuje pasáž zaměřená na širší souvislosti tohoto tématu v rámci Pascalova díla a života. Na tuto část navazuje ústřední analýza příspěvku, která je věnována otázce, jak Blaise Pascal zohledňuje perspektivnost v poznání. Danou problematiku nejprve uvozuje exkurz do Pascalových úvah o dvojím typu myšlení (l’esprit de géométrie a l’esprit de finesse) a o některých poznávacích schopnostech. Hlavní část analýzy je zaměřena na Pascalova „pozorování“ a věnuje se zejména těm fragmentům, v nichž francouzský filosof zohledňuje nestálost člověka v zaujetí hlediska, zdůrazňuje nestálost poznání a jeho způsobů, používá metaforu malířské perspektivy a reflektuje (ne)možnost mít pravdu. Zároveň jsou v této souvislosti Pascalovy úvahy podpořeny i přístupy pozdějších myslitelů – Friedricha Nietzscheho a Josého Ortegy y Gasseta. Zohledňování perspektivnosti poznání a vyrovnávání se s ní je identifikováno jako výraz Pascalovy myslitelské skromnosti a pokory.
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