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EN
This is a preliminary analysis of issues resulting from comparing two images present in the Indian tradition, in their Buddhist (‘device’ guarding the relics of the Buddha) and Epic (‘device’ guarding the Elixir of Immortality) variants. Both images are located within the range of the notions of the sacred. That complicates but does not prevent the reconstruction of ideological messages directed to their prospective recipients. They are illustrated by the fate of the ‘holy substance’ obtained after breaking into and destroying both devices. The first one sanctifies the principles of free access and free participation, the second – of inherited privilege and inherited exclusion.
EN
In present-day India magic is not a theoretical construct. Practiced as witchcraft, it has its self-appointed officials and procedures. It is also manifest, most tellingly, in the easy availability of the cheap editions of what may, with some reservations, be termed as manuals of magic. The activation of religiosity characteristic of Indian tribal communities, to which most of the currently favorite magical rituals can be traced, is a not-so unique answer to the violence inherent in the social, economic, and political life of the nation. The methods of controlling complex reality presented in those manuals revive traditional cultural patterns, and may thus restore feelings of participation and justified agency to their users.
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EN
Scientific articles often start with the phrase: “The purpose of this article is to examine facts related to…” The content of this paper does not stem from an attempt to render afresh freely available, irrefutable data. Its purpose is to present a new interpretation of specific motifs present in the Indian epic tradition – based mainly on data obtained from reconstructions or facts in potentia. The following paragraphs delineate the unfolding of work undertaken long ago, started but not yet finished. The conclusions presented in this paper are in their nature preliminary. They form hypothetical assumptions and, as such, should be treated as research postulates.
EN
The article’s authors are linguists representing various foreign philologies (Slavistics, Arabistics, Indology, Sinology, Mongolistics) working as experts on the Polish Chief Geodesist’s Commission on Standardization of Geographical Names Outside the Republic of Poland. They have evaluated the selection of entries, the form and etymology of geographic names included in two Polish dictionaries of correct usage, and other information found there on names and objects. The article contains two extensive lists of names given in the dictionaries mentioned above. Entries were singled out that should be corrected or changed; also indicated were erroneous transcriptions, numerous implausible name etymologies, as well as incorrect locations (administrative and geographical) of objects. Each of the authors, independently of the others, formulated very similar conclusions and objections. It is pointed out that in publications of this sort, meticulous compilation is essential so that the reader will not lose confidence in the academic sources of knowledge. This also applies to an accurate, current form of the name, its recording, the spatial localization of the object, its administrative affiliation, and so forth, as well as plausible etymology checked by appropriate specialists. In the case of academic publications, sparing use of reviewers is harmful for the whole community, not just the academic.
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