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EN
The article addresses the issues related to the implementation of the European Union’s actions for sustainable development policy and the implementation of the 17 UN Development Goals through Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) being key tools for moving the world towards a sustainable development. In September 2015 the UN accepted a new global Agenda 2030 on the Sustainable Development with its tools – Sustainable Development Goals. Putting them into life should contribute to shifting the economic and political relations between developing, emerging and developed countries. According to the Agenda motto “ no one will be left behind”. To achieve this aim by EU not only a significant rethinking of its external policy must take place but also its domestic actions must be changed. A fundamental tool to achieve this goal and implement the Agenda should be STI which allows the transition of EU and its underdeveloped partners to new sustainable ways of their economies and societies development.
EN
The European Union undertakes numerous activities to implement a common energy policy for all Member States. However, since the countries in question have different energy resources, geographical location and terrain, unifi cation of national policies at EU level is a particularly arduous and difficult process. This article focuses on the analysis of energy sectors in Austria, Germany, Poland and Sweden. These countries were chosen because they offer considerable diversity, having different energy resources, geographical location, climatic conditions, as well as a different genesis of shaping their energy policy over the years. The analysis showed that the energy sectors in Poland, Germany, Austria and Sweden operate completely differently and rely on different energy resources. In Sweden, electricity mainly comes from hydropower and nuclear energy, while energy from coal is not produced at all. In Austria, coal is also not extracted, and the production of electricity is based mainly on renewable sources, and above all on hydropower. Germany is one of the countries with the highest level of coal mining in the world, therefore electricity is obtained mainly from this source, but also from nuclear energy and increasingly from renewable sources, mainly wind, biofuel and solar energy. Poland is among the world’s leading producers of coal, and obtaining electricity from this source accounts for as much as 80% in Poland; the rest comes from renewable sources, mainly wind energy, then biofuels, hydro energy and natural gas.
EN
The purpose of the article is to show the importance of the European Union’s common commercial policy in implementing the concept of sustainable development. The article uses the qualitative and quantitative method, analysis of Polish and foreign literature and analysis of a number of free trade agreements, signed or negotiated in the form of free trade zones and the system of customs preferences (GSP). The analysis concerns EU trade relations in the context of the implementation of sustainable development assumptions. In the new generation trade agreements, economic growth is served by the use of both the idea of free trade and sustainable development. The starting point for the analysis is the discussion of the promotion of the idea of sustainable development by the European Union based on accepted liberal solutions in the common EU trade policy, currently used in the period of weak development of international trade. The second point discusses the European Union’s strategy in the common trade policy, developed on the basis of UN resolutions on sustainable economic development. The third point examines the issue of problems in achieving the goals of sustainable economic development in the case of developing countries.
EN
The EU and the USA are presently negotiating the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership that aims at increasing cooperation between the two continents. However, the effects of the Partnership for both parties remain unknown. Yet, undoubtedly the agreement will seriously influence foreign, social and economic policies of the EU and the USA and in effect the policies of third parties and thus infl uence the global situation. The paper aims at describing the genesis of political and economic cooperation between the EU and the USA, including the negotiations on the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership.
EN
The Eastern Partnership program was established in May of 2009 and became a part of EU external policy. It contains a complex concept addressed to all countries participating in the Program. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine have established a wide range of close political and economic cooperation with the European Union. Under Eastern Partnership cooperation the benefi ciary countries can count on financial and organizational support in the implementation of the wide range reforms in their economies. This article aims to present the main sources of fi nancial support addressed to the Eastern Partnership countries and the current state of implementation of the Eastern Partnership objectives. The article shows the nature and purpose of the establishment of the Eastern Partnership, presents the specificity of programs addressed to the Partnership countries by the European Union, the European Investment Bank and the Visegrad Group countries.
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