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  1. 3 Linguistica Pragensia

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  1. 3 Smolka V.

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Linearity in functional sentence perspective: the strength of the weak factor

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Smolka V.
Linguistica Pragensia
|
2015
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vol. 25
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issue 1
19-26
EN
When the theory of Functional Sentence Perspective (FSP) is applied to English, the linear arrangement of clause constituents is considered the weakest of the four factors indicating the distribution of communicative dynamism over a sentence, following the contextual factor, the semantic factor and, in spoken language, the prosodic prominence. The relative weakness of linearity as an FSP factor results from the limited positional mobility of clause constituents in English, where the position of an element in the sentence primarily indicates its syntactic function. However, the linear distribution of clause constituents may sometimes override the other factors and become the principal indicator of FSP. In such cases, the importance of linearity is signalled by the choice of an arrangement that is normally dispreferred because it conflicts with the usual wordorder principles. These deviations from the usual word order include, for example, movement of a constituent from its usual position and instances of flouting the principle of end-weight. This paper explores the range of structures where linearity overrides the other FSP factors and the conditions under which it can assert itself as the leading indicator of FSP.
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Word-Order Variability and FSP in Written and Spoken Discourse

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Smolka V.
Linguistica Pragensia
|
2011
|
vol. 21
|
issue 1
14-23
EN
The article explores the role of word-order as an indicator of the rheme in samples of written and spoken language respectively. The assumption was that this role of word order would be more prominent in written language, where the choice of a particular linear arrangement may be prompted by the need to achieve the effect of end-focus. In spoken discourse the rheme is signalled by prosodic clues, namely by the placement of the intonation nucleus, irrespective of its position in the sentence, rendering word-order a secondary indicator. As a result, the frequency of deviations from the grammatical word-order, e.g. fronting, is lower in spoken discourse. However, the analysis of word-order in spoken discourse is made difficult by irregularity and structural incompleteness.
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The position and FSP role of -ly adverbials in small distributional fields

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Smolka V.
Linguistica Pragensia
|
2019
|
vol. 29
|
issue 2
147-159
EN
In the theory of FSP, context-independent adverbials are usually interpreted as constituting either the setting or specification, with the line between the two sometimes difficult to draw. Adverbials in -ly have been shown to be nearly always context-independent, functioning as a specification and generally being more dynamic than the verb. At the same time, the CD of these adverbials is thought to be higher when they are placed after the verb than when they precede it. The present research explores sentence structures such as she smiled coldly, where the adverbial is the only complement of the verb in addition to a non-rhematic subject. Examples of these structures retrieved from the BNC show that the SVA sequence is considerably more frequent than SAV (she coldly smiled), while the proportion of the two variants is more balanced when there are other postverbal complements in addition to the adverbial, as in she coldly analysed his features/she analysed his features coldly. This paper aims to show that among the SVA structures in question, there are instances where the verb is actually more dynamic than the context-independent adverbial, and where linear modification is weakened as an indicator of FSP. These conclusions seem to be supported, among other clues, by translation into Czech.
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