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EN
Eduard Limonov emigrated from the Soviet Union in 1974. At that time, he already was a mature poet of the Moscow literary underground. Like most Russian emigrants, Limonov was disillusioned with America, where he was neither understood nor recognized. In the evolution of his poetry the anthropological issues are replaced by the social ones. On the one hand, his poems unveil a strong critique of unjust America, on the other - the yearning for the abandoned homeland. Crucial in his literary output is love poetry dedicated to Yelena Shchapova, who left the poet in New York. Limonov’s poetry of the Paris period does not offer sharp critique of French reality but it presents the poet’s ponderings over the sense of life, human fate, and loneliness. The motives that concern love and the poet himself take a new literary form. Yearning for homeland comes to the foreground.
EN
The article deals with the problem of the phenomenon of Slavdom and Slavonic identity. Slavonic identity is presented on linqustic, geografical, historical, political, geopolitical and geocultural levels. Starting from the middle of the 19th century the Slavs in Austro-Hungary have become an object of the ideas and doctrines which have had a geopolitical and geocultural character (the idea of Slavonic reciprocity, ideology of illyrism, Austroslavism, neoslavism). The Slavophile and Panslavonic ideas in Russia were obviously ideological, geopolitical and purely political. After the desintegration of the U.S.S.R. the Slavonic movement does not play an important role, it is fragmented (The Panslavonic Assembly). At present time in Europe there are two dominant gepolitical spaces: European Union – Pax occidentalis, and Russia with its satellite countries – Pax rossica. In such a political situation the problem of Slavonic identity and the unity of the Slavs is rather complicated.
PL
Artykuł poświęcony jest Słowiańszczyźnie i słowiańskiej tożsamości (identyczności). Tożsamość prezentowana jest w płaszczyźnie lingwistycznej, geograficznej, historycznej, politycznej i geopolitycznej. Artykuł pokazuje, jak Słowianie od połowy XIX wieku stawali się przedmiotem idei i doktryn geopolitycznych, geokulturowych oraz politycznych w monarchii austro-wegierskiej (idea słowiańskiej wzajemności, illyryzmu, austroslawizmu, neoslawizmu) i w Rosji (słowianofilstwo, panslawizm; po upadku ZSRR ruch słowianofilski przestał odgrywać istotną rolę). W dzisiejszej Europie istnieją dwie dominujące przestrzenie geopolityczne: Pax occidentalis (Unia Europejska) i Pax rossica. Słowianie znaleźli się w obu tych przestrzeniach i problem ich tożsamości jest skomplikowany. Jedną z dróg zachowania pewnej formy jedności Słowian (choć niepełnej) jest koncepcja międzymorza.
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