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1

GENERÁCIA 1822 V KULTÚRNEJ PAMÄTI

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Hučková D.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
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2023
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vol. 70
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issue 1
36 - 51
EN
Literary texts can be understood as a media of collective memory; through selection, reconstruction, and updating of chosen topoi, images, or personalities in the context of memory studies. They perform such functions as forming the understanding of the past, transfer of historical images, construction of memory relations, or reflection of the processes and problems of collective memory. In this sense, literature forms collective images of the development and meaning of past events, eminent personalities of the past, interprets the present, and projects the future. Moreover, for an understanding the symbolic meaning of the elements for which Pierre Nora coined the term places of memory and Jan Assmann conceptualised as figures of memory, processes of reception and context are also crucial. This theoretical background determines also the approach to literary and literary-journalistic texts related to representatives of Slovak literary Romanticism born in 1822 (Ján Francisci, Janko Kráľ, Ján Kalinčiak, Ján Palárik, Štefan Marko Daxner, and Peter Michal Bohúň) and – in the case of Andrej Sládkovič, in 1820. This group formed a strong national revivalist generation whose literary representations provide all three types of collective memory identified by J. Assmann: communicative, cultural, and political.
2

MODERNIZMUS A AVANTGARDA V REFLEXII ŠTEFANA KRČMÉRYHO V DVADSIATYCH ROKOCH 20. STOROČIA

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Hučková D.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
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2020
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vol. 67
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issue 2
115 – 138
EN
Štefan Krčméry’s (1892 – 1955) wide-ranging interest in art did not concern only literature and music, but also painting and sculpture. In the autumn of 1920, he attended an exposition in the Autumn Salon in Paris about which he informed in an extensive article in the National Newspaper. His aesthetic standpoint was fully determined by the classical perception of the category of the beautiful, which had a negative impact on his aesthetic experience in terms of reception of the modern works. He perceived the modern art as being in the opposition to the tradition. He refused the abstraction, which he did not understand. He stressed the traditionalism, also at the thematic level, and the need of interconnecting the new with the old also in terms of the reflection of the young contemporary Slovak literature. The study refers to S. H. Vajanský’s ideological heritage in Krčméry’s perception of the modern art and literature and its building on such postulates as was the national activism and the emphasis on the positive values, (national) self-confidence, will and optimism, that were characteristic of the supporters of the conservative orientation of the national culture from the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century.
3

PREMENY FEMINISTICKEJ KNIHY (HANA GREGOROVÁ: ŽENY, 1912, 1946)

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Hučková D.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
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2022
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vol. 69
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issue 3
205 – 223
EN
Hana Gregorová’s (1885 – 1958) early work was mostly concerned with themes pertaining to women’s emancipation. Later, the author widened her scope and also dealt with the questions of social justice. Feminist instrumentalisation as outlined in her debut collection of short prose Ženy ([Women] 1912) was combined with projecting a new, better world for all the impoverished ones. Social and pedagogical (didactic) function remained a stable characteristic of her writing. As to her themes, Gregorová was mainly concerned with the depiction of the suffering women and her empathising authorial narrator was a representative figure voicing progressive ideas. Works that the author published before 1918 (but also those from the first half of the 1920s) were later significantly revised. Gregorová updated her early work in accordance with the way her opinions evolved (especially with regards to her affinity towards socialist and communist ideas) and also as a reaction to the changes in social circumstances (the end of Second World War). Analysis of the revisions that the author made in the second publication of the collection Ženy (1946) had a direct impact on the poetics of the texts and in turn also influenced the literary-historical reception of the collection – a fact that is most visible in cases in which the scholars only worked with the second edition.
4

DVE STATE O MODERNOM DRAMATICKOM UMENÍ (VHV, IVAN LILGE LYSECKÝ)

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Hučková D.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
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2016
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vol. 63
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issue 6
454 – 467
EN
Although the cultural life of Slovak communities found in the territory of Hungarian Lower land quite long lacked a direct contact with dramatic culture, at the turn of the 1910s theatre and dramatic art was integral part of Slovak-language culture in Vojvodina. Theoretical reflection on modern dramatic art developed, too, which can be proven by two articles published in Národnie noviny in 1914. Both of the authors had more or less direct links with the Slovak-language Lower-land environment. Vladimír Hurban Vladimírov (1884 – 1950) from Stará Pazova, nowadays regarded as the most significant Lower-land playwright, focused in his lecture O dramatickom umení (On Dramatic Art, Národnie noviny, 18 July 1914) on the basic principles of dramatic art being applied from the earliest times to present, which he had derived from contemporary German theatre studies. His paper received an immediate response from Ivan Lilge-Lysecký (1886 - 1918), working in Báčki Petrovac for some time, whose article Dramatické umenie (Dramatic art, Národnie noviny, 30 July 1914, 4 August 1914) was intentionally specialized in modern dramatics – in this respect Lilge was the first Slovak to inform about so-called intimate theatre. Both of the papers show the contemporary - yet unaffected by war - thinking on the form and character of dramatic art, which on the one hand grew against a background of analytically oriented Naturalism and Realism, and, on the other hand, it placed weight on synthetic expression, symbol, stylistic features and a new way of depicting intimacy. At the same time, they demonstrate that modernists´ attempts were not merely poetic and prosaic, but they were also made in the area of drama, moreover they occurred in the most modern form and a close connection with European contemporary tendencies and trends.
5

PROBLÉMY EDIČNÉHO SPRACOVANIA PAMÄTÍ Z PROSTREDIA DOLNEJ ZEME

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Hučková D.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
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2018
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vol. 65
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issue 4
278 – 293
EN
When mapping cultural and, more specifically, literary history of the Slovaks living in historical Hungarian Lowland, which is - in terms of contemporary political geography - mainly the territory of Slovak enclaves in Serbia, Hungary and Romania, what appears to be one of the important sources is memoirs, written in various periods of time. In the context of the research into the times at the turn of the 20th century, stretching into the following decades of the 20th century, there are several sources of this kind available in books as well as in manuscripts. The subject of the paper is the issues in editorial processing of the memoirs written by Slovak notables who lived and worked in Lowland, especially in the early 20th century, either all their lives (Ján Čajak) or just for a short time (Ivan Thurzo, Pavel Gallo), alternatively by those who, after moving to Slovakia, contributed to the cultural life of that time (Andrej Mráz). The selected writings are similar in subject. However, what is different is the nature of the preserved materials as well as the size, composition, and especially the way they were presented to the readers. While Čajak´s memoirs have not been published to date, those of Thurzo´s and Gall´s were abridged in comparison with the original manuscript versions, and so were those written by Mráz, which were first published in a magazine and later as a book. The focus is given to the textological principles applied to the book edition, editorial changes made in the manuscripts and the issue of the editor´s authority to change the original text.
6

JANKO KRÁĽ V KOMEMORATÍVNEJ PRAXI 20. STOROČIA

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Hučková D.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
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2023
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vol. 70
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issue 5
536 – 553
EN
In the culture of remembrance concerning the authors of Slovak Romantic literature, the poet Janko Kráľ (1822 – 1876) holds a distinctive position. Even though his oeuvre was not published in book form during his life and his last resting place remains unknown, since the 1920, his name and literary heritage have been gradually gaining a stable position in the Slovak literature as an independent topos. Mechanisms of the creation of literary representations of Janko Kráľ in which the character of references also depended on the choice of the genre can be defined as a process in several stages: rescuing the poet from oblivion (Vladimír Roy – poem dedicated to the centenary of the poet’s death, 1922) interpretation (Štefan Krčméry – speech at the unveiling of the memorial plaque on the house in which J. Kráľ was born, 1924), updating (Laco Novomeský – review of the volume Ňeznáme básňe Janka Kráľa [Janko Kráľ’s unknown poems], 1938), ideological narratives (speeches at the transfer of the remains of the poet to the national cemetery in Martin, 1940) – inspiration (Milan Rúfus, interpretive essay, 1976). These examples of remembrance practice connected with J. Kráľ outline the processes of familiarisation and canonisation. The transformations are reactions to the period social contexts, but also reflect the dynamics of cultural memory.
7

ODKAZ, APEL A POSOLSTVO AKO ŽÁNROVÉ FORMY PRÍLEŽITOSTNEJ LYRIKY (V POÉZII VLADIMÍRA ROYA, MARTINA RÁZUSA A ŠTEFANA KRČMÉRYHO)

100%
Hučková D.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
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2018
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vol. 65
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issue 6
462 – 476
EN
In Slovak poetry written in the early 20th century genres of occasional poetry were integral parts of the contemporary poetic register. Dedicated poetry – motivated by birth or death anniversaries of important people, establishments or anniversaries of significant institutions as well as current events of political, social, cultural and literary life at that time – was a way for writers to respond to individual factual stimuli, which were, however, enriched with powerful emotional or evaluative connotations as part of their literary (aesthetic) reflection. Specific genre form of this kind of lyric included poetic appeals, messages and legacies. They were already in their titles addressed to group recipients. One of such collective addressees of occasional, dedicated poetry was the community of poets, more accurately characterized by their national, generational and poetological affiliation or affinity. In the 1920s the rhetoric genre forms of legacy, message and appeal were updated by a number of Slovak poets including three authors associated with Slovak modernism: Martin Rázus, Vladimír Roy and Štefan Krčméry. They did it with various intentions and intensity, however, they together formulated anew the question of the relation between an artist-individualist and a nationally as well as professionally distinct group of creative people, and politics and poetics. In the context of the contemporary tension between traditionalism and modernism it was supposed to declare close links with tradition, positive vitality and an active stance on reality.
8

SKRYTÁ DRÁMA LITERÁRNEHO HISTORIKA (ŽIVOT A POSTOJE ŠTEFANA DRUGA V ARCHÍVNYCH DOKUMENTOCH)

100%
Hučková D.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
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2017
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vol. 64
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issue 5
340 – 352
EN
The literary historian and critic Štefan Drug (1931 – 2011) began his science career in the year 1955 at the Institute of Slovak literature, Slovak Academy of Science. He was a lecturer of Slovak literature and culture at the Jagellonian University in Krakow between the years 1969 and 1974. At the time of normalization he could not work in the academic environment for political reasons, so he found a job as an editor of the publishing house Tatran (1974 – 1989). He did not return to his scientific work until the social and political changes in 1989: he dealt with Slovak literature of the 20th century, especially the issues of literary life, at the Institute of Slovak literature, Slovak Academy of Science, between the years 1990 and 2006. At that time he helped remove the distortions in the history of Slovak literature and rehabilitate then-proscribed authors (e.g. Valentín Beniak). Despite the forced break due to the political circumstances, Štefan Drug´s lifelong literary and historical work features a continuous interest in interwar leftist avant-garde, left-wing literature of the 1920s and the 1930s, in the DAV group and the life stories and works of its most significant representatives, namely Laco Novomeský and Vladimír Clementis. The paper built on archive materials shows how Štefan Drug was confronted with the period ideological apparatus.
9

SLOVENSKOSŤ KONTRA INTERNACIONALIZMUS: RÁZUSOVE REFLEXIE MODERNEJ SLOVENSKEJ LITERATÚRY

100%
Hučková D.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
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2017
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vol. 64
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issue 4
318 – 328
EN
In the early 1920s literature was still seen as the most prominent manifestation of Slovak life. As such it was also recognized by Martin Rázus (1888 – 1937), who is in terms of literary history a writer with the status of a representative of the so-called transition generation, whose work maintains the continuity between the pre-war and the post-war situations. As of the year 1923 he used to write editorials for the Národnie noviny, in many of which he expressed his opinions on contemporary literature. The recurrent theme of his reflections was the notion of „national character“, which was developed within his own philosophical concept of Slovak nationalism. The notion in question was, however, strongly rejected by the following young generation, who saw it as an anachronism. In the situation of seeking new forms of poetics and movements Rázus revived the earlier concept of national literature defined by S. H. Vajanský (1847 – 1916), within the framework of which a poet or a writer played the role of a national revivalist, and represented the conscience and memory of the nation. Rázus was convinced that a writer had to bear responsibility for a collective, i.e. a nation. In his articles written between 1925 and 1930 he closely interconnected the issue of literature and the contemporary political and economic problems placing emphasis on the tradition, national autonomy and particularity.
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