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Whose Knowledge?

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Stuchlík M.
Historická sociologie (Historical Sociology)
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2013
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vol. 2
9-28
EN
Behaviour of an individual is seen as the result of a series of decisions taken on the basis of his taken-for-granted knowledge about the universe – that knowledge is shared by specific others. That is the social reality we are trying to explain. The individual is able to account for his behavior and state of his knowledge in contingent, episodic and anecdotal ways because of its “taken-for-grantedness”. However, a detailed study permits us to present both his actions and his knowledge in a systematic way, together with the principles by which he organizes them. The fact of action being taken as result of a series of decisions means that the individual is not just a “norm-fulfilling unit”, he is, within limits given by his knowledge, manipulating his social world.
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Goals and Behaviour

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Stuchlík M.
Historická sociologie (Historical Sociology)
|
2014
|
vol. 2
9-42
EN
In the first part of this paper I intend to argue that anthropologists have a predominantly causal conception of explanation and that the only feasible way to avoid this is to apply consistently the assumption of goal-orientation of behaviour, that is to hold what could broadly be called a teleological conception of explanation – a view that developments are due to the purpose or design that is served by them. Further on I will try to show that groups and norms do not exist and act independently of people. They have no existence as “things” apart from forming a part of the relevant stock of knowledge of the members of society. They can be brought to bear on actions only by people invoking them. Thus we have to make a sharp distinction between the conceptual or notional level of phenomena, and the transactional or processual level, sometimes known as cultural and social respectively.
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