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EN
The paper aims to present political activity of Local Activity Groups on the one hand, and their aspirations to get to local government authorities, constituting part of local partnerships, on the other. The phenomenon of political activity has been measured by studying both the level of interest in politics, participation in preparation of electoral campaigns in recent presidential, parliamentary and territorial elections, and also the intention to become a candidate in territorial elections, including also mayor [or head of the village] position. Central part of the paper focuses on presentation of research results, conducted among the members of Local Activity Groups in six voivodeship, chosen through purposing sampling. Their presentation has been introduced by general characteristics of LAGs from the view of their role in civic activation of local communities. The research results reveal that the activities of LAG members very often exceed the concept of social dialogue and social partners and tend to follow the idea of accomplishment of group interest instead.
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EN
The article is an attempt to shed more light on the main dilemmas connected with determining the interrelationships between different ways of adhering to ethics, in general, and business ethics, in particular. These dilemmas are related not only with the theoretical- -methodological context but also with the philosophy of economy to be found in various economic doctrines. An example of such doctrine, in which distinct philosophical and social threads can be found, is F. von Hyek’s doctrine. Proceeding from the analysis of different approaches to the way in which the concept of ethical behaviour in business can be operationalized, the author specifies premises on fovour of the approach to interrelationships between ethics and business called corporate social responsibility. The final part of the article presents the main (from the point of view of research dealing with business ethics) problems connected with the transition from monocentric to polycentric order in Poland.
EN
Paper’s main objective is to present main trends concerning re-evaluation of moral responsibility in contemporary netocratic (informative) societies, in which modern solutions in tele-informative technologies, introduced to everyday social practice by netocrats, result in creating new ethics: ethics of netocracy. Those leading trends, concerning moral responsibility, consist of complex processes of institutionalisation on the one hand, and of processes of instrumentalistion on the other. From general reflection on the dimensions and descriptions of responsibility the writer steps to the analysis of two main fields of social activity, where moral responsibility has significant meaning, e.g. the analysis of responsibility in economic and political activity. Moral responsibility and expected high ethical competences of individuals, acting in the fields of business or politics, are still tested, especially in the crucial relation between liberty and responsibility. The paper also mentions the problem of asymmetry between expectations towards responsible behaviour performed by the others and the lack of responsibility for speech and actions performed. Moreover, multiplicative character of contemporary teleinforamative means, supported by exercise of advanced techniques of influence onto the others makes the diagnosis stated by the writer significant.
EN
The paper reviews characteristic of three principle mechanisms regulating ethical behavior in business. Concerning the First, viz. the socialization mechanism, it emphasizes that judging the ethical code of business from a decision-making point of view, one has to consider what morals and norms of behave are on the inside. The second type of regulation of ethic behavior refers to the legal-administrative mechanism. On the background of American examples, the text points out some rules and domains of adjusting the competition, also industrial and social regulations. The third type of controlling mechanism deals with the illegitimate, yet already institutionalized realizations of the ethic codex. Considering that sorts of the regulatory mstruments, author focuses on elemental rationales that give form and qualities to the ethic codex, which also regards to the Polish realizations.
EN
The authoress of the article, reminding the nature of all medical dealings, aims to define the most important origins of medical dilemmas appearing in contemporary medical science and practice. The dilemmas can be divided into two main categories: traditional ones and newly created, contemporary dilemmas. The latter include firstly dilemmas resulting from lncreasing specialisation of medical professions and - at he same time - team character of medical procedures (both diagnostic and therapeutical). Moreover, dilemmas concern basing on economical calculation whereas the costs of many medical procedures increase and ethical standards of society decrease.
EN
Paper aims to diagnose the role and position of reputation in communication strategies of contemporary enterprises together with pointing out certain solutions on the one hand, and to present the role of consumer social networks, often exploited by enterprises for more or less manipulative marketing actions. The analysis revealed, that reputation became both benchmark for different relations of social and economic actors, concerning exchange of information, opinions and expectations, and also played the role of controller of those mutual relations. Consistent reacting to expectations of important groups from institutional environment through the means of CSR rules seems, as practice proves, the best tool to build reputation of an enterprise. However, it is possible only on the condition that public declarations and voluntary commitments are fulfilled. This is because social perception, basing on real, not declarative, practices, the most important factor determining reputation. Text tries to prove that social responsibility of an enterprise, incorporated in marketing communication strategies together with unassignable and precious social and ethical motives, might be also used for legitimisation procedures, used mainly by big companies, for whom reputation and positive image might often have greater value than short term profits. On the other hand, the logics of contemporary Communications marketing, especially network one, demands appeal not only to features of goods and services in customer relations, but also appealing to their emotions and ethical consciousness. This way, fulfilling principles of CSR codes, mainly marketing goals are achieved, through manipulation of affections of customers and their broken dreams, and their inclination to overvalue business relations elaborated on the basis of confidentiality, trust and individual treatment. From the perspective of Communications marketing strategies applied by a company the client starts to play variety of roles: of adviser, expert, critic or advertiser of a company activities, and, as a result, the role o trustworthy business partner, bringing profit to numerous companies (image, reputation, trust), promoting the enterprises and their products among the other members of consumer community. On each step of those basic stages of creating and maintaining Internet consumer community might occur and often occurs manipulation of emotion, motivations and needs of clients.
PL
Wiodąca teza artykułu sprowadza się do stwierdzenia, że okres kryzysu gospodarczego w społeczeństwach opartych na logice gospodarki rynkowej, funkcjonującej przede wszystkim w paradygmacie neoliberalnym, sprzyja przekonaniu na temat wzrostu nierówności społecznych i ekonomicznych. Przekonanie to odnosi się przede wszystkim do szeroko pojętego zawłaszczania szans życiowych, które wprost nie muszą się odnosić do wzrostu nierówności w dochodach czy płacach. Dzieje się tak głównie dlatego, że w okresie kryzysu gospodarczego następuje wyraźnie obserwowany proces uspołeczniania ryzyka, niepewności i strat związanych z aktywnością ekonomiczną, rozpatrywaną zarówno z perspektywy jednostkowej, jak i grupowej. Szczególnym efektem tego procesu jest zjawisko prywatyzowania zysków przez międzynarodowe, zglobalizowane banki inwestycyjne i przerzucanie kosztów kryzysu na państwo i społeczeństwo. Jednocześnie zmiany zachodzące w strukturze społecznej i strukturze oraz w treści pracy pod wpływem technologii cyfrowych stanowią drugą grupę przesłanek dla rozważań nad istotą i rozmiarami tendencji apropriacyjnych. Zwłaszcza że niektóre kryteria pomiaru wykluczenia społecznego czy zróżnicowania i nierówności ekonomicznych mają charakter względny. Stąd też celem rozważań będą takie zagadnienia, jak: istota i główne przesłanki procesu zawłaszczania szans życiowych we współczesnych społeczeństwach; problem pomiaru wykluczenia, nierówności społecznych i ekonomicznych; wpływ nowych technologii cyfrowych na nierówności społeczne i związane z nimi tendencje do zawłaszczania.
PL
Przedmiotem opracowania, które ma przede wszystkim charakter analityczny, jest próba scharakteryzowania poziomu i wybranych form aktywności obywatelskiej członków lokalnych grup działania, występujących na terenie województw lubuskiego, opolskiego, zachodniopomorskiego, małopolskiego, wielkopolskiego oraz podkarpackiego. Badania przeprowadzono na próbie 573 osób zrzeszonych w organizacjach, które realizowały schemat II Pilotażowego programu LEADER+. Aktywność tę potraktowano jako jedno z uwarunkowań kapitału społecznego LGD. W prezentacji pominięto aktywność polityczną członków LGD i skoncentrowano się na aktywności społecznej zarówno sformalizowanej, jak i niesformalizowanej. Aktywność ta rozpatrywana była z punktu widzenia podstawowych korelatów społeczno-demograficznych (m.in. płeć, wiek, wy - kształcenie, przynależność do kategorii zawodowych), jak również przestrzennego zróżnicowania (według badanych województw). Wyniki analizy pozwalają stwierdzić dość wyraźny stopień wewnętrznego zróżnicowania tej aktywności w tych wszystkich wymienionych wymiarach. Podobnie jak w przypadku badań reprezentatywnych, zarówno CBOS-u, jak i w ramach kolejnych edycji „diagnozy społecznej”, tak i tutaj możemy stwierdzić, że aktywność ta jest związana z płcią i wiekiem, jak również z pozycją społeczną; przede wszystkim z poziomem wykształcenia i przynależnością do określonej kategorii zawodowej. Nie bez znaczenia jest również terytorialne zróżnicowanie LGD mierzone przynależnością do danego województwa. Jednak w sposób ogólny możemy stwierdzić, że deklarowana aktywność społeczna badanych członków LGD wyróżnia się na tle ogólnej aktywności Polaków, zwłaszcza jeśli uwzględnimy fakt, że analiza dotyczyła środowiska wiejskiego.
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EN
While attempting to answer a question in the title of this paper first of all, basic intentions that inspired to formulate such a topic should be explained. The bottom line is whether in the reflections of representatives of sociology of work or sociology of economy, referring to contextual perception and analysis of labour relations in Poland, some focus should be put on the issues concerning redefining the essence and content of work ethos, or rather on an analysis of a set of factors, both of endogenic and exogenous nature, which contribute to a broadly understood counter-ideology of work. Therefore, this paper presents an attempt to indicate twofold types of phenomena and processes; on the one hand, those that influence a process of individualization and fragmentation of work ethos in Poland; on the other one, those which affect content of major motivation and interpretation schemes mentioned by employees, which may become presumptions to the development of counter-ideology of work. In such circumstances, a role of work ethos in creating economic harmony, which is a special case of axionormative harmony, decreases significantly and loses its explicitly social character while increasingly becoming only one of dimensions of individual identity, professional biography or a personality profile of an individual.
PL
Prace została przygotowana u ramach CPBP 08.01.6.13. "Człowiek i praca w społeczeństwie socjalistycznym" w Instytucie Socjologii UŁ w 1987/1988 r. pod kierunkiem Stefanii Dziqcielskiej-Machnikowskiej
EN
This work contains an analysis of changes in attitudes of employees working within a system of group-autonomous work organization towards many elements of their work situation.It is based on findings of empirical studies carried out in 1987 among 395 employees - members of partnership groups employed in four chosen enterprises. These enterprises differ from one another with regard to fields of their activity ar.d degree to which new forms of organization of work are applied in them. The main attention in the studies was focussed on: employees’ attitude to the group-autonomous organization of work, their opinions on the role of employee self-management and trade union in partnership groups, attitude of members of work brigades to labour productivity, quality and discipline of work, attitude to their plant and jobs performed in it, attitude to fight for employee interests, and relationship to work as a definite value.
EN
This article can be a contribution to a broad debate on the operation of health care system in Poland. The object of sociological reflection were the findings of a survey carried out among former hospital patients. The collected responses concerned among others: 1. General characterization of the medical personnel’s attitude towards respondents, with the personnel being divided into physicians, nurses and paramedics, and also a characterization of relationships between the medical personnel and other patients perceived by the respondents during their hospitalization. 2. Positive and negative experiences derived from the hospitalization period. 3. Humiliation, indignity experienced or perceived during hospitalization. 4. The respondents’ expectations in relation to the Charter of Patients’ Rights. 5. Evaluation of working conditions of the medical personnel and organization of the health care system. 6. Respondents’ attitude towards various attempts made to reform the health care and the social security systems in Poland. 7. Respondents’ expactations concerning changes in the health care system. The analysis of gathered materials allowed to create a picture of the patient dissatisfied generally with the assistance provided by the medical personnel, counting on the help of other patients, family members, acquaintances, or informal contacts. Statisfied respondents were few and their positive opinions concerned in most cases concrete persons, sometimes persons known to them or bribed. The survey revealed the patient as on object in hospitals, and we consider this problem to be of fundamental importance in the planned reform of health care system in Poland.
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