Important tools of the current environmental policy are economic (market) instruments - i.e. fees, taxes and tradable permits. However, the design of such instruments should be done in a way to enable the evaluation of their environmental efficiency and economic effectiveness. The evaluation is rarely done in post-communist countries, where market instruments have a short history. The paper introduce the 3E method of the evaluation used by OECD and shows the results gained for the market instrument used in the Czech Republic with the focus on air pollution fees.
The text presents the theoretical framework of Local Impact Assessment presenting it as a new and effective tool of decision-making on the level of local administration. Although controlling elements of Regulatory Impact Assessment were already implemented on the state administration level in 2008, such implementation on the level of local administrations is not being conducted homogenously and often by taking the subjectively selected qualitative as well as legal inefficiencies into consideration. Decentralizing public administration has been a modern trend in economy of public sectors; Local Impact Assessment can be a key tool for effective blending of the public and private sectors.
The objective of the study is to point out the growing importance of sharing economy within the current discussion about the development of advanced economies after the economic crisis between 2008-2009. The study focuses on determining the growing importance of sharing economy in the context of GDP, growth factors of sharing economy in current conditions, and social benefit function of sharing economy. The study also focuses on other sharing economy challenges of the 21st century that are connected to the overall change in human behavior, growth of importance of modern technologies for everyone, trying to lower transaction costs, and increasing the quality of life of all households. The study’s conclusion aims at summarizing the importance of sharing economy for modern society in advanced economies.
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