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Kterak Židé mučili Boží tělo – edice a komentář

100%
Soukup D.
Česká literatura (Czech Literature)
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2011
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vol. 59
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issue 5
697-713
EN
An Edition of the Czech medieval poem "Kterak Židé mučili Boží tělo", with Commentary.
2
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Oh, Bestia Synagoga! The Representation of Jews in Czech Sermons at the Turn of the 17th and 18th Centuries

100%
Soukup D.
Wrocławski Przegląd Teologiczny
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2019
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vol. 26
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issue 1
PL
The main aim of this study is to present how early modern preaching in the Czech lands shaped the image of the local Jewish community in Christian eyes at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries. Bohemian and Moravian preachers, drawing from medieval literature, were fundamentally influenced by the traditional theological concept of Jews as a living witness to the Christian truth. At the same time, Baroque sermons reused medieval exempla and miracula preserving typical anti-Jewish narratives. Due to the increasing number of Bohemian and Moravian Jewry at the end of 17th century, and the socio-economical tension between Christian and Jewish communities, catholic preachers pursued contemporary topics and criticized unpermitted contacts, allegedly leading to the inferior status of Christians. On the other hand, these critical notes usually were targeted primarily on Christian believers and their laxity in the observance of religious life, as well as ignorance of social hierarchy. Although the Czech Catholic sermons constructed the hostile perception of Jews, the preachers endeavoured to avoid vulgar anti-Judaism and partly smoothed popular anti-Jewish sentiments.
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Rebelanti, tuláci a cikáni – domestikace jinakosti v Hálkově venkovské próze

100%
Soukup D.
Česká literatura (Czech Literature)
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2010
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vol. 58
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issue 6
732-758
EN
This article is concerned with the representation of Gypsies in ‘Bajrama’ (1858), an early short story by Vítězslav Hálek, contrasting it with other of his prose works which portray Bohemian­ village life. It is hoped that this contextual approach might lead to a subtler interpretation of the Gypsy characters in ‘Bajrama’ than a critical deconstruction of the ‘Gypsy stereotype’ would­ yield. Critics have noted the importance of the romantic triad music–nature–love (typical also of the literary portrayal of the Gypsy) in Hálek’s works. What has received less attention is the communal dimension of his portrayal of the erotic. Although several pairs of Hálek’s ideal lovers spend some time alone in the wild, this period of their life is always temporary. Especially in Hálek’s late prose works (‘Na statku a v chaloupce’, ‘Na vejminku’, and ‘Pod pustým kopcem’), the narrative culminates in the creation of a model home (one of Hálek’s central concepts), which becomes also the social and symbolic centre of the village community. It is therefore difficult to agree with F. X. Šalda’s view that Hálek is ‘in favour of complete freedom, almost an anarchist’. In fact, Hálek’s ostensible radicalism masks a Weltanschauung which has a good deal in common with the traditional patriarchal ideal. With its predictable plot (making use of the eternal triangle) and its stereotypical elements in the representation of the Gypsies, the short story ‘Bajrama’ might not appear remarkable in itself. Nevertheless, this tragic story of a Bohemian village lad, Jeník, with the Gypsy girl, Bajrama, differs in many respects from the depiction of love in other works by Hálek. For one thing, the Gypsies are not associated with either of Hálek’s usual idealistic conceptualizations of nature (‘ubiquitous music’ and the ‘unchanging laws’). Instead, Hálek has them embody the morally dubious notions of homelessness and wildness. More important, Jeník remains hopelessly torn between his desire to retain his prominent position in the Bohemian village community and his desperate passion for the sinister otherness of Bajrama. This dilemma reaches its narrative conclusion (both Jeník and Bajrama are killed by the girl’s Gypsy lover, Salem), but at the existential level, it cannot be resolved. Beneath the conventional tragic plot of ‘Bajrama’, one therefore finds traces of a genuine ethical and psychological tragedy: a fatal rift between erotic desire and an acceptable ideal of love.
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