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Jak se počítají substantiva v češtině: poznámky ke kategorii čísla

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Panevová J., Ševčíková M.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2011
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vol. 72
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issue 3
163-176
EN
The present contribution deals with the grammatical category of number in Czech nouns. On the basis of empirical investigation, we propose the introduction of a new semantic distinction within the forms of nouns, namely the distinction of a simple quantitative meaning versus a pair/group meaning. There are nouns in Czech that typically refer to a pair or to a (commonly encountered) group of entities, not merely to a large amount of these entities (e.g. ruce ‘arms’, vlasy ‘hair’, or sirky ‘matches’). These nouns are combined with set numerals rather than with the basic ones. In the paper, we argue that the above mentioned subcategorization is grammaticalized. A brief outline of the expressions of the pair/group meaning in Czech as compared to some other languages (German, English, Slavonic) is also provided.
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Shoda doplňku v reflexivních konstrukcích v češtině

81%
Kettnerová V., Lopatková M., Panevová J.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2015
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vol. 76
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issue 3
198-215
EN
The Czech reflexives se/si present a great challenge for linguistic description due to their ambiguous character. In this paper, we deal with syntactic reflexivity. In this case, the reflexives represent the clitic forms of the reflexive pronoun expressing the referential identity of the valency complementation realized in the subject (usually of ACTor) and of the valency complementation lexically expressed by the given pronoun. This linguistic phenomenon is studied here especially in relation to the agreement of a surface syntactic complement (with the function of EFF or COMPL). We aim to demonstrate that the case of the complement is determined rather by the meaning of the reflexive construction (as in non-reflexive structures) than by the distinction of the clitic vs. the long form of the reflexives. The agreement of the complement in reflexive constructions with the accusative reflexives se/sebe is compared with the same phenomenon in the structures with the dative reflexives si/sobě, which has thus far not been extensively described in Czech linguistics.
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Funkční generativní popis - rámec pro konzistentní popis gramatiky

61%
Panevová J., Hajičová E., Kettnerová V., Kolářová V., Lopatková M., Mikulová M., Ševčíková M.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2020
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vol. 103
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issue 1-2
55-78
EN
In the present contribution, the main constitutive features of the Functional Generative Description as proposed by Petr Sgall and his collaborators are introduced together with a brief characterization of selected Czech grammatical phenomena within this framework. These phenomena include above all verbal and nominal valency and related issues and topic-focus articulation, esp. in relation to negation and presupposition. Criteria for the determination of valency members are proposed together with the changes in the valency structure connected with the application of different diatheses and alternations. The role of valency requirements in complex predicates is described and exemplified by means of derived structures. The other phenomenon investigated is connected with reflexive and reciprocal constructions. Furthermore, attention is devoted to the categorization of deletions and the related phenomenon of the general participant, and also to various comparative constructions that are described as constructions with surface deletions. The constructions introduced by the Czech preposition kromě ‘besides/instead of’ are used as an illustration of how their deep representation looks. The main tenets of FGD have been applied, verified and further refined in the Prague Dependency Treebank family and valency lexicons, which are briefly characterized here as well.
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