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EN
The article is an analysis of the new European Union’s approach to the essence of development. Its central element is the emphasis on the role of trade as a key engine of economic development and growth, enabling many developing countries out of poverty. The paper was presented to the evolution of the EU’s approach to development cooperation and the analysis of trading tools introduced by the EU in relation to developing countries.
EN
The global economic crisis of 2007 revealed a number of weaknesses in the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). The Member States, together with the European Union institutions have made an effort to save the euro area by introducing a number of reforms for the functioning of the EMU. This article focuses on the analysis of legislative changes introduced to the euro area after 2007 in the fields of fiscal, economic, banking, and financial assistance. The documents constituting the EMU legislative changes package were a subject of a detailed examination. The main research questions were focused on the essence of weaknesses in the functioning of the EMU and the future of the euro area.
PL
Ogólnoświatowy kryzys ekonomiczny z 2007 roku ujawnił szereg słabości unii gospodarczo-walutowej (UGW). Państwa członkowskie wraz z instytucjami Unii Europejskiej podjęły wysiłek ratowania strefy euro wprowadzając szereg reform w funkcjonowaniu UGW. Niniejszy artykuł koncentruje się na analizie zmian legislacyjnych wprowadzonych wewnątrz strefy euro po 2007 roku w wymiarach fiskalnym, gospodarczym, bankowym oraz pomocy finansowej. Szczegółowemu badaniu poddane zostały poszczególne dokumenty składające się na pakiet zmian legislacyjnych UGW. Główne pytania badawcze koncentrowały się wokół istoty słabości w funkcjonowaniu unii gospodarczo-walutowej oraz przyszłości strefy euro.
EN
The article discusses Economic Partnership Agreements, which have become a tool for transforming trade relations between the European Union and the African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States (ACP), including the countries of Sub‑Saharan Africa. The agreements combine trade and development into a single whole, and as envisaged by the European Union, they are to become an instrument for achieving the development goals of the ACP states. Their common characteristic is free access to markets under the principle of reciprocity. Given the development asymmetry between the European Union and the ACP states, there arises a question of whether EPAs will be an instrument serving their development, and this article is an attempt at providing an answer to this question.
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