Lean management (szczupłe zarządzanie) jest koncepcją, której celem jest systematyczne eliminowanie marnotrawstwa ze wszystkich procesów w celu tworzenia jak największej wartości dla klienta. W pierwszej części artykułu w syntetyczny sposób opisano historię, zasady i korzyści z wdrożenia lean. Następnie przedstawiono najważniejsze bariery w upowszechnianiu tej koncepcji, omówiono pełne wykorzystanie jej potencjału oraz utrzymanie wprowadzonych w wyniku transformacji lean zmian.
The article reviews the main trends which have been shaping work and working lives of employees in the developed world. It begins with describing economic, technological, demographical and social factors that influence modern labour market. Next, the author looks at the changes in the character of work and how it is performed. The final section surveys some recent labour market developments in Poland.
The article investigates the potential of regional initiatives supporting business clusters. It begins with an overview of Michael E. Porter’s concept of clusters and the impact competitive clusters can have on productivity, innovation, and employment. The author also briefly examines the ways clusters might be supported by local government. Next, the trends of outsourcing and offshoring, which influence the growth of business and technology services sector worldwide, are described. The third section focuses on a business services cluster in Kraków, Poland, which is now a key outsourcing destination in Europe. The final section draws on interviews with employees of 15 cluster-based companies conducted between August and December 2016. The goal of this research was better understand Kraków’s strengths and weaknesses as an outsourcing location, gather insights on ways to improve the local business environment, and obtain information about predicted changes in companies’ activities and management over the next few years.
The article investigates selected aspects of local government’s commitment to supporting entrepreneurship in Poland. It begins by describing major business environment institutions which can be established or co‑established by Polish local government units. In the next section the authors present the results of the empirical study conducted in 2012 by the Bureau of Research of the Chancellery of the Sejm. The main focus is placed on the level of engagement of rural communes, urban and rural communes, municipalities, cities with powiat (county) rights and powiats in establishing institutions which support local entrepreneurs. In the next section the case of special economic zones, which can also be co‑founded and supported by local government, is briefly examined. The final section reports on organisational solutions which foster cooperation and information exchange between local government units and entrepreneurs.
This article explores the activities of regional investor service centres (RCOIs), which were established through a 2004–2005 initiative by the Polish Information and Foreign Investment Agency (PAIiIZ). The centres were placed in 16 voivodeships to support the inflow of foreign direct investment into Polish regions. In the first section, the authors present an overview of RCOIs: their history, scope of activities, and cooperation with PAIiIZ. Next, results of a January 2015 survey of all 16 RCOIs are discussed. The article concludes by briefly describing three examples of initiatives launched by the centres to illustrate their activities. These include increasing the regional pool of employees with skills sought by investing entrepreneurs, aftercare and building linkages with existing investors, and support for Polish local government units (gminas) to develop and promote their new investment offers.
This article explores the economic benefits and costs of Poland’s membership in the European Union from 2004–2016. It begins by outlining strategic documents of the EU and Poland regarding economic and social development. Next, the authors look at three major mechanisms which influence the national economy (EU legislation, the EU customs union and the European Single Market, and the EU budget). The final part of the article discusses Polish GDP growth relative to the rest of EU-28, GDP levels across Polish regions, and developments in some key areas of the Polish economy (foreign trade, agriculture, inflow of foreign direct investment, and labour market). The authors argue that the overall economic effects of Poland’s EU membership are positive, but serious challenges lie ahead.
The article examines the effect of government mandated minimum apartment size in Poland, based upon insights from survey questionnaire responses. In 2017, the Minister of Infrastructure and Construction passed a legal requirement for a minimum usable floor area of 25 square metres for new apartments, to take effect at the beginning of 2018. The paper begins with an overview of comparable regulations in selected EU countries. Next, relevant statistical data are examined to assess how this new size requirement, dubbed “lex 25 m2”, has thus far influenced the Polish housing market. The authors then report upon results of a survey conducted between April and June 2023 among 722 students of the SGH Warsaw School of Economics regarding their opinion on this new regulation. Four hypotheses are formulated as to the factors affecting respondents’ views toward “lex 25 m2” requirements for new apartments. The hypotheses are then tested using binary logistic regression. A negative effect of the 2017 regulation was identified on apartment purchases for one’s own purposes, plans to rent an apartment smaller than 25 square metres within the next 12 months, and apartment ownership. The association between the purchase of an apartment smaller than 25 square metres within the next 12 months and the attitude towards “lex 25 m2” was not statistically significant. The last section concludes with policy recommendation that apartments smaller than 25 square metres should be allowed to be built in Poland with the requirement of minimum usable area for new apartments reduced to 19–20 square metres.
The authors of the opinion comprehensively discuss the agreement concluded by the European Union, European Atomic Energy Community and the United Kingdom on the terms of trade and cooperation after Brexit and the agreement concluded between the European Union and the United Kingdom concerning security procedures for exchanging and protecting classified information. They present the provisions of individual parts of the agreements, regulating the issues of trade, fisheries, coordination of social systems, customs, visas, law enforcement cooperation and cybersecurity. They assess the impact of the implementation of the agreements. The authors positively assess the wide range of regulations. In their opinion they will reduce the negative effects of Brexit. However they identify some of their shortcomings that need to be removed.
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