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A Theoretical Review of Studying on Smart Contract in Blockchain Technology Revolution

100%
wen Q., Fang H.
Ad Astra. Program badań nad astropolityką i prawem kosmicznym
|
2023
|
issue 7
4-22
EN
This paper reveals that there are different perspectives for theoretical research of Blockchain Smart Contracts between China and other countries. Chinese scholars are mainly focused on three aspects in terms of the legal attribute, influence among traditional Contract Law and potential legal problems of Blockchain Smart Contract. While relative researches in other countries contain the relationship between Blockchain Smart Contracts and Laws, the impact of Blockchain Smart Contracts on traditional contract system and potential risks of Blockchain Smart Contracts. Survey reviews that although Chinese scholars have made specific analysis on Smart Contract, but there is still room for further research, including Guarantee, Interpretation, Jurisdiction of Smart Contract. Yet current studies in other countries are inclined to conduct the study from the perspective of Contract Law theory, probably the relationship between other Law and Contract Law should be considered. Nowadays most countries have realized the importance of energy conservation. the operation of blockchain consumes plenty of resources, especially electric power resources. Therefore, it brings an important issue on balancing the Legislative contradiction between energy conservation and rational utilization of Blockchain Smart Contracts.
PL
Artykuł został poświęcony problematyce inteligentnych kontraktów (smart contracts) zawieranych w sieci blokchain. Teoretyczna analiza poglądów na wskazany temat prowadzi do wniosku, że są w tym zakresie różnice pomiędzy badaniami prowadzonymi w Chinach a badaniami prowadzonymi w innych państwach. W pierwszym z państw zwraca się przede wszystkim uwagę na trzy aspekty inteligentnych kontraktów. Są nimi: charakter prawny inteligentnych kontraktów, ich wpływ na tradycyjne prawo umów, a także możliwe problemy związane z zastosowaniem w stosunku do nich odpowiedniej regulacji prawnej. Badania w innych państwach koncentrują się na: związku z inteligentnych kontraktów z prawem, wpływu tych kontraktów na prawo umów oraz potencjalnym ryzyku, jakie niosą za sobą inteligentne kontrakty.
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Studying on Legal Liability of Private Enterprises with Commercial Activities in Outer Space

100%
wen Q., Li S.
Ad Astra. Program badań nad astropolityką i prawem kosmicznym
|
2024
|
issue 11
31-45
EN
The development of commercial activities in outer space is changing rapidly, and the increase of commercial activities will inevitably lead to a variety of disputes. However, the unclear basis of claims for damages caused by Private Enterprises engaging in commercial activities in outer space has caused serious obstacles to the development of commercial activities in outer space, and the rules of liability of Private Enterprises engaging in commercial activities in outer space should be re-examined. Considering the special nature of outer space commercial activities and the influence of various realistic factors, as well as the fact that a single subject of liability does not fully guarantee the rights and interests of the injured party. The liability for damages caused by Private Enterprises engaged in commercial activities in outer space should be shared between the state and Private Enterprises. Private Enterprises should bear the responsibility for direct damages occurring in the course of its commercial activities in outer space, and the state should bear supplementary responsibility for damages caused by Private Enterprises.
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