The article presents and analyzes the anti-Armenian policies of the Turkish military and political leadership in Kars (1920-1921) and Smyrna (1922). The systematic killings of the unarmed population were marked by extreme brutality, including mass rapes and ritualized murders. Data is combined from ethnographic fieldwork, materials from the National Archives of Armenia, memoirs, and manuscript records from the Armenian Genocide Museum-Institute.
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.