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Między władzą wykonawczą a sądowniczą. Ewolucja rozstrzygania sporów kompetencyjnych na ziemiach polskich w XX i XXI wieku.

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Jastrzębski R.
Z Dziejów Prawa
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2014
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vol. 7(15)
279-294
EN
The article discusses the evolution of settling jurisdiction disputes between the executive and the judiciary power in Poland in the 20th century. The paper is divided into four sections: introductory matters; the Second Polish Republic; the situation post-1945, and the conclusion. In the first section, the author describes the origin of jurisdiction disputes, which dates back to the period of absolute monarchy in Europe, and introduces 19th century models for settling jurisdiction disputes. The author focuses in particular on constitutional solutions in the Duchy of Warsaw, the Kingdom of Poland, the Free City of Kraków, as well as the occupation countries: Austria, Prussia, and Russia. The second part of the article is devoted to the period of the Second Polish Republic, especially the organisation and activity of the Jurisdiction Tribunal, including its status in the constitutional system of the state. In the third section, the focus shifts to the post-war period, characterised by a complete lack of a separate authority whose purview would include jurisdiction disputes, up until the amendment of the code of administrative proceedings of 1960 in the 1980s. In the early 1980s. the Jurisdiction Court at the Supreme Court was established, and it continued to function until the end of 2003. In the conclusion, the author emphasises the fact that currently, there exists no authority whose purview includes settling jurisdiction disputes between common courts and organs of public administration. At the same time, the conflicting rules introduced into the legal system constitute a source of justified concerns regarding determination of the jurisdiction by the administrative authorities as well as the constitutional rule of the separation of powers.
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W sprawie zakresu pojęciowego terminów „Wołyń” i „Małopolska Wschodnia” w związku z ustawą z dnia 26 stycznia 2018 r. o zmianie ustawy o Instytucie Pamięci Narodowej — Komisji Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu, ustawy o grobach i cmentarzach wojennych, ustawy o muzeach oraz ustawy o odpowiedzialności podmiotów zbiorowych za czyny zabronione pod groźbą kary

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Jastrzębski R.
Przegląd Sejmowy
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2018
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issue 3(146)
159–167
EN
The opinion refers to the conceptual range of the terms “Volhynia” and “Lesser Eastern Poland” in relation to the Act of 26 January 2018 amending the act on the Institute of National Remembrance — Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes Against the Polish Nation, the act on war graves and cemeteries, the act on museums and the act on the liability of collective entities for acts prohibited under a penalty. The author analyses the terms from the legal-historical perspective, paying particular attention to the history of the Polish lands in the nineteenth century and the period of the Second Republic of Poland (1918–1939). Based thereon, the author is of the opinion that the terms have had and still have an established meaning, despite the lack of a legal defi nition. They refer to the territories of the four voivodeships of the Second Republic: Lwow (Lviv), Stanisławow, Tarnopol and Wołyń (Volhynia) voivodeships. The author’s refl ections are based among others on the established views of the Polish science of administrative law from before the Second World War, the legislation of the Polish State, the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court in the years 1926–1938, as well as the jurisprudence of the voivodeship administrative courts in Opole (2005) and Poznan (2007).
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W sprawie poselskiego projektu ustawy o uznaniu za nieważne orzeczeń wydanych wobec byłych posłów na Sejm Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej skazanych w procesie brzeskim za działalność na rzecz demokratycznego Państwa Polskiego

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Jastrzębski R.
Przegląd Sejmowy
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2020
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issue 2(157)
165–172
EN
The opinion concerns convicting deputies in the so-called Brest trials. This was an event of great political signi cance in the Second Republic of Poland. After the September defeat * Opinia została napisana 10 lutego 2020 r. (przyp. red.). 166 Przegląd Sejmowy 2(157)/2020 Opinie in 1939, on 31 October 1939 President of the Republic of Poland issued a decree granting amnesty to the former deputies and reinstating their civil and honorary rights in their entirety. Since 2005 interpellations and bills have been submitted — mostly by deputies of the Polish People’s Party — concerning considering judgments passed in the Brest trials null and void. The bills were negatively evaluated by the government, the Supreme Court, the National Council of the Judiciary, they were also analysed by the Sejm Analyses Of ce. The discussed bill — third one submitted, not differing substantially from the previous one submitted in 2016 — refers to speci c court judgments in criminal cases passed with relation to speci c individuals. It is worth noting that an act shall contain legal norms of general and abstract nature. Hence, the proposed legal solutions transgress the attribution of the Sejm and consequently may violate the principle of separation of powers.
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W sprawie poselskiego projektu ustawy o inwestycjach w zakresie budowy Muzeum Westerplatte i Wojny 1939 — Oddziału Muzeum II Wojny Światowej w Gdańsku

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Jastrzębski R.
Przegląd Sejmowy
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2019
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issue 4(153)
148–154
EN
The opinion refers to the Deputies’ bill on the investments in the scope of the construction of the Museum of Westerplatte and War of 1939 – a Department of the Museum of the Second World War in Gdańsk. The author discusses the legal regulations in the sphere of monument protection in the Polish state in the twentieth century and comments on the discussed bill. He points to the fact that Westerplatte Battlefield – based on the regulation of the President of the Republic of Poland of 22 August 2003 – is considered a historic monument. Moreover, in the author’s opinion, the museum construction plan presented in the bill constitutes a cohesive concept of the spatial policy of managing the Westerplatte region. Hence, the museum design – in the context of the history of the Polish state and the outbreak of the Second World War – is an investment of symbolic significance.
5
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Polityka deflacyjna II Rzeczypospolitej a prawo lat trzydziestych XX wieku

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Jastrzębski R.
Studia z Dziejów Państwa i Prawa Polskiego
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2013
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vol. 16
269-282
EN
The economic crisis of the 1930s had a vast impact on its contemporary legislation. The economic downturn experienced by the Second Republic entailed an agricultural crisis, as approximately 3 in every 4 Polish citizens found sustenance in agricultural production. A drastic drop in the prices of agricultural produce was a major problem of agricultural, legal, and social nature. The anti-crisis legislation of the 1930s consisted of a number of regulations focused on conducting a policy of integral deflation. The regulations concerned a number of realms of law, yet practically these were mostly laws normalising questions related to agriculture. The anti-crisis legislation in the Second Republic aimed primarily at debt reduction. The law of the 1930s was to play a subordinate role towards the concept of economic policy, and in this way to provide a tool for its achievement.
DE
Die Wirtschaftskrise der 30er hatte einen unermesslichen Einfluss auf die damalige Gesetzgebung. Der wirtschaftliche Zusammenbruch der Zweiten Republik bedeutete auch eine Krise der Landwirtschaft, da ca. ¾ der polnischen Bevölkerung ihren Lebensunterhalt von der Landproduktion bezog. Ein rapider Rückgang der Lebensmittelpreise wurde zu einem wirtschaftlich-gesellschaftlichen Problem. Die Anti-Krise-Gesetzgebung der 30er umfasste etliche Regulierungen, die eine integrale Deflation zum Ziel hatten. Sie umfassten verschiedene Rechtsgebiete; in der Praxis waren es meistens Regulierungen, die mit der Landwirtschaft verbunden waren. Die Anti-Krise-Gesetzgebung der Zweiten Republik diente in der ersten Reihe der Schuldenbefreiung. Das Gesetz sollte in den 30er Jahren eine Dienstrolle gegenüber der angenommenen Wirtschaftspolitik erfüllen und zu einem Werkzeug ihrer Umsetzung werden.
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Geneza i znaczenie klauzuli rebus sic stantibus w polskim prawie prywatnym

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Jastrzębski R.
Studia z Dziejów Państwa i Prawa Polskiego
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2010
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vol. 13
155-166
PL
1. Zagadnienia ogólne; 2. Renesans klauzuli rebus sic stantibus: 2.1. Skutki I wojny światowej, 2.2. Klauzula rebus sic stantibus w kodeksie zobowiązań z 1933 r., 2.3. Zastosowanie klauzuli rebus sic stantibus; 3. Podsumowanie.
DE
1. Allgemeine Fragestellung; 2. Wiedergeburt der Klausel „rebus sic stantibus“: 2.1. Folgen des 1. Weltkrieges, 2.2. „Rebus sic stantibus“ im Obligationengesetzbuch von 1933; 2.3. Anwendung der Klausel „rebus sic stantibus“; 3. Zusammenfassung.
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