Nicolai Hartmann ascribes to values an ideal mode of existence, analogically to that of mathematical and logical units. A peculiarity of values is that they „should” exist; however that „obligation” is not shared by other ideal beings. The moral values have their subjects in persons but also in their intentions. They are the superstructure of corresponding states of affairs. A faculty active by the ness, fullness and purity. Hartmann’s Aesthetics has not been finished. According to him the aesthetical values are not values of something real but ones existing only-for-us. Only three aesthetic values are described: sublimity, grace and comicognizance of values is feeling. The four basic moral values are: kindness, nobleness, fullness and purity. Hartmann’s Aesthetics has not been finished. According to him the aesthetical values are not values of something real but ones existing only-for-us. Only three aesthetic values are described: sublimity, grace and comicality. Realizing the inadequacy of the investigations up to the present, Hartmann has not tried to sketch a single table of values. Finally, some critical remarks are added by the authoress of the article.
Münsterberg aims at setting value theory against the background of the universe. He also postulates that values are derived from one basic principle. They are subject to a valuation which should be absolute in character. According to his central idea, the external world together with the ego originated from the primeval base (Urgrund) which constitutes volition. Different types of ego are comprised by one super-ego, and all values have its beginnings in the activity of this original volition. Approaching volition from a metaphysical perspective, the various values of the human world become apparent as different aspects of a single unitary deed.
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