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Predykaty obiektywne

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Piotr Godlewski R.

Filo-Sofija

2009

vol. 9

issue 9

173-182

The author claims that there are two kinds of predicates that are used to describe cognitive states of mind such as beliefs or perceptions. Using some of them, one can describe cognitive states of mind directly whereas using some other he can describe these states in comparison with his own. For example, one can say that a person has a belief or can say that that person’s belief is in accordance with his own beliefs. In the latter situation, he uses the predicate ‘to know’. The conditions that Peter uses the sentence ‘John knows that p’ correctly are the following: 1. Peter believes that John believes that p; 2. Peter believes that p; 3. Peter believes that the reasons for which John believes that p is well- justified. In a similar way, one can ascribe a visual impression of an object x to somebody or compare that person’s impressions with his own cognitive states. In the latter situation, one uses the predicate ‘to see’ (to perceive). The conditions that Peter uses the sentence ‘John can see x’ correctly are the following: I. Peter believes that John has visual impression of object x; II. Peter believes that the object x exists; III. Peter believes that the fact that John has the visual impression of the object x is in accordance with the laws of vision. When one uses predicates which describe person’s cognitive states of mind (possession of beliefs or sensual impressions) he speaks subjectively whereas when one speaks objectively he uses predicates which allow him to compare person’s cognitive states of mind with his own.

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1 Filo-Sofija

1 Piotr Godlewski R.

1 2009

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Predykaty obiektywne