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PL
Głównym zadaniem szkoły jest wspomaganie dziecka w jego wszechstronnym rozwoju. Realizacja tego zadania wymaga indywidualnego podejścia do ucznia, uwzględnienia jego możliwości, zainteresowań, tempa rozwoju i aktywności poznawczej. Chcąc sprostać tym wymaganiom, nauczyciele poszukują rozwiązań organizacyjnych umożliwiających indywidualizację procesu dydaktycznego. Jedną z tych koncepcji, do której sięgają jest Plan Daltoński ponieważ wśród wielu jego zalet jest nastawienie na indywidualne potrzeby dziecka. Zapewnia on rzeczywiste indywidualizowanie procesu kształcenia prowadząc do samodzielnego uczenia się dzieci, co gwarantuje pomyślność uczniów w całożyciowym uczeniu się. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono wyniki badania postrzegania samodzielności przez uczniów, którym stwarzano możliwości jej rozwijania. Dla samodzielności uczniów znaczące jest to, w jaki sposób nauczyciele określają możliwości samodzielności uczniów. To nastawienie nauczycieli może sprzyjać lub hamować naturalne dążenie dzieci do rozwijania samodzielności w różnych jej płaszczyznach. Artykuł zwraca uwagę na rolę przygotowania nauczyciela do realizacji koncepcji pedagogicznych, ponieważ realizowana powierzchownie, bez dogłębnego, szerokiego rozumienia jej zasad nie będzie przynosiła spodziewanych efektów.
EN
Abstract The school's main task is to assist children in their comprehensive development. The implementation of this task requires an individual approach to a student, taking into account the student’s abilities, interests, development rate, and cognitive activity. In order to meet these requirements, teachers seek organizational solutions facilitating individualization of the didactic process. One of the concepts that the Dalton Plan is referring to because of many of its advantages is the attitude to the individual needs of the child. It ensures actual individualization of the education process, leading to independent learning of a child, which guarantees the success of students in lifelong learning This article presents the results of a study on perception of independence by students who were given the opportunity to develop it. For the students’ independence it is important how the teachers identify students’ independence abilities. This teachers' attitude can foster or inhibit the children's natural drive to develop independence in many areas. The article points to the role of the teacher’s preparation for implementation of pedagogical concepts because the superficial implementation, without a thorough, broad understanding of its principles, will not bring the expected results.
PL
The interest in the teaching profession is evident in the discussions of students and their parents, school graduates, teachers working at various stages of education, sociologists, psychologists, educators and representatives of many other professions that are simply impossible to be mentioned. Topics of these discussions are varied, they concern teachers’ qualifications and competences, their educational background, selection of candidates for the profession, personality traits, the functions they perform, teaching methods used by them, etc. Often, the participants of such discussions are not professionally connected with the teaching profession, but each of them had the opportunity to develop their own view and opinion of this profession based on many years of experience while participating, as a student, in the process of education. It can be assumed that this attention points to the significant role of the teacher in society and therefore results in frequently emotional discussions that conclude with enumeration of the teachers’ duties, skills and abilities in addition to the principles behind their actions and conduct while performing their didactic and educational work. At this point, I would like to pose the questions: What about the teacher’s independence? Does the teacher have the opportunity to carry out his or her work independently? In the article, which consists of two parts, I attempt to answer these questions. In the first part, I present theoretical approaches to the teacher, his or her qualifications and competences, with particular focus placed on the professional independence. The second part contains the results of surveys on professional independence and its determinants, conducted among pre-school and early school education teachers in the Wielkopolska region.
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