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EN
In the paper, an evaluation of implementing sustainable development from both international and national perspective is introduced. The author pays special attention to taking advantage of Agenda 21 as a universal tool for the management of sustainable development. Recommendations for local authorities from several international organizations based on Agenda 21 are presented. The paper provides also for a description of the actual advancement of constructing regional strategy of sustainable development on the local and regional levels. ICLEI investigation on the degree of advancement of the processes of local Agenda 21 in Europe is presented in the article as well, along with the problems related to the management of sustainable development, such as making the most of Agenda 21 recommendations, and applications of the monitoring instruments, i.e. audit and sustainable development indicators.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono ocenę wdrażania zrównoważonego rozwoju w wymiarze międzynarodowym i krajowym. Zwrócono szczególną uwagę na wykorzystanie Agendy 21 jako uniwersalnego narzędzia zarządzania zrównoważonym rozwojem. Zaprezentowano zalecenia szeregu organizacji międzynarodowych dla władz lokalnych wynikające z Agendy 21. Przedstawiono aktualne zaawansowanie budowy strategii rozwoju zrównoważonego na poziomie lokalnym, regionalnym. Zaprezentowano badania ICLEI nad stopniem zaawansowaniem procesów lokalnej Agendy 21 w Europie. Przedstawiono także problemy związane z zarządzaniem zrównoważonym rozwojem, takie jak: wykorzystanie zaleceń zawartych w Agendzie 21, zastosowanie instrumentów monitorowania - audytu i wskaźników zrównoważonego rozwoju.
PL
Ecosystem services are an important framework for linking ecological infrastructure to urban social infrastructure, which can benefit people and ecosystems. Designing, planning and managing of complex urban systems for health and wellbeing requires urban ecosystems that are both immune to systemic changes and managed sustainably. Literature review reveals that so far only several researchers have focused on urban ecosystem services (UES). The paper aims at assessing the importance of ecosystem services at the local level with an emphasis on urbanized areas. The basic conditions and barriers to the implementation of the concept of ecosystem services in the EU policy and local development have also been identified. The paper also presents solutions concerning the creation of integrated systems of providing such services by local governments and their monitoring.
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