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Correlation of clinico-pathologic data with inflammatory cells infiltration in colorectal cancer

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Grudzińska M., Jakubowska K., Kańczuga-Koda L., Kisielewski W., Famulski W., Smereczański N., Lomperta K., Płoński M., Rogoz-Jezierska N., Koda M.
Progress in Health Sciences
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2020
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vol. 10(1)
69-76
EN
Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. At every phase of cancer development, the inflammatory process has an important impact. Accurate assessment inflammatory cells in the tumour environment in conjunction with clinico-pathologic features can be a relevant prognostic or predictive parameter. Purpose: To analyse inflammatory cell infiltration in CRC tumour mass and correlate with chosen clinico-pathologic parameters. Materials and methods: The study group consisted of 160 patients (64 women, 96 men) diagnosed with colorectal cancer who underwent surgery. Tissue material obtained from routine histopathological diagnosis was stained with H&E and used to assess the type of inflammatory cells in the invasive front and centre of the tumour. Results were subjected to statistical analysis with the age and gender of patients, tumour localization, tumour growth and size, TNM stage, adenocarcinoma type, fibrosis, necrosis, metastasis and tumour invasion (by the Spearman’s correlation coefficient test). Results: The presence of neutrophils in the invasive front of tumour mass was associated with fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in the invasive front of tumour. Macrophages in the invasive front of tumour were found to correlate with tumour growth (expanding and infiltrate). Macrophages and eosinophils were associated with inflammatory cell infiltration in the invasive front and in the centre of tumour. Conclusions: The type of inflammatory cells in the invasive front or centre of the tumour may be useful to prognoses clinical features of colorectal cancer
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The oncoprotein HBXIP – its functions and roles in oncogenesis

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Grudzinska M., Lomperta K., Jakubowska K., Samocik P., Jarząbek K., Kanczuga-Koda L., Wincewicz A., Koda M.
Progress in Health Sciences
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2018
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vol. 8(2)
215-222
EN
Nowadays, Hepatitis B X interacting protein (HBXIP) is an object of scientists’ interest worldwide. It is a protein with significant involvement in the development of malignant tumors like breast or ovarian cancer. One of the most important functions of HBXIP is the regulation of cell proliferation, which is related to the progression of a cell cycle. Many studies provide the growing number of evidence that HBXIP plays various important roles, including the regulation of a cell cycle through complexes with survivin, belonging to the inhibitors of apoptosis and interactions with transcriptional factors like STAT4, SP1, TFIID or E2F1. It also has the influence on the promotion of tumor angiogenesis thanks to the association with VEGF and FGF8. Another important role of HBXIP is a reprogramming of glucose metabolism to conditions favorable to growing cancerous cells due to regulating the activation of SCO2 and PDHA1. Furthermore, it impacts on the complement-dependent cytotoxicity, also, HBXIP affects on lipid metabolism through disturbing of metabolic pathways of FAS. According to recent studies, HBXIP can be used as a prognostic biomarker in many tumors, including cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma thanks to the high expression of this protein noted exclusively in these tumor tissues. What is even more interesting, it significantly correlates with clinical attributes like metastasis to lymph nodes or grading and in some cases can potentially be used as the indicator of prognosis of treatment effectiveness. The paper is review through main functions of HBXIP and its possible applications.
3
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Clinicopathological significance of Epo, EpoR, Ki-67 and Bax expression in colorectal cancer

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Lopmerta K., Grudzinska M., Jakubowska K., Samocik P., Kozlowski L., Fudala A., Wincewicz A., Koda M.
Progress in Health Sciences
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2018
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vol. 8(2)
112-117
EN
Introduction: Expression of Epo, a glycoprotein secreted by the fetal liver and the adult kidney in response to cellular hypoxia and its receptor have been described in human solid tumors, such as colon and breast cancer. Purpose: Since activation of Epo-EpoR signaling pathway in erythroid progenitor and precursor cells leads to promotion of proliferation and differentiation or prevention of programmed cell death through Bcl-xl and Bcl-2 it was of interest to investigate expression of Epo, EpoR, apoptosis regulator – Bax and marker of proliferating cells - Ki-67 and assess correlation between them, with regard to clinicopathological variables of colorectal cancer. Materials and methods: The correlations between expression of Epo, EpoR, Bax and Ki-67 in colorectal cancer were analyzed in regard to patient age, sex, primary localization, histopathological type, grading, staging and lymph node invasion. Statistical analyses were performed by using the Spearman rank correlation test applying a significance level of p<0,05. Results: Correlation between Bax and EpoR is positive and statistically significant at all groups of patients except group pT1+pT2. Positive correlation between Bax and Epo is statistically significant at following groups of patients: all patients, age  60, age >60, male, female , primary localization in rectum, primary localization in colon, adenocarcinoma, G2, G3. Statistical analysis revealed no significant correlations between expression of neither Ki-67 with Epo nor Ki-67 with EpoR in all groups of patients. Conclusions: Epo seems to be a pleiotropic cytokine, which can exert its biological effect on several cell types, including neoplastic cells. The effect of Epo-EpoR signaling can differ in various cells and conditions.
4
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The growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) can be useful in the detection of distant metastases in sera of colorectal cancer patients

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Jakubowska K., Pryczynicz A., Dymicka-Piekarska V., Cepowicz D., Jagodzińska D., Lewczuk Ł., Lebelt A., Ozimkiewicz M., Kiszło P., Guzińska-Ustymowicz K.
Progress in Health Sciences
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2016
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vol. 6(1)
40-48
EN
Purpose: Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF- 15) protein belongs to a transforming growth factor-β family which determines the growth and differentiation of cells. In cancers, GDF-15 influences on the proliferation, differentiation, viability, migration and invasiveness of cancer cells. The aim of our study was to evaluate the expression of GDF-15 in the tissue and its levels in sera of patients with colorectal cancer. Materials and methods: The level of GDF-15 in the sera of 55 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer was determined using the ELISA method whereas expression of this protein was performed by immunohistochemical method. Results: The mean value of GDF-15 levels in the sera of patients with colorectal cancer was significantly higher than in healthy control group (p<0.001). The expression of GDF-15 in the tissue was weak, moderate and strong in 23.6%, 15.7% and 60.7% cases, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that the expression of GDF-15 correlated with patients’ age (p<0.005) and non-mucinous type of cancer (p<0.001). The high GDF-15 levels in the serum was associated with tumor size (p<0.01) and distant metastases (p<0.05). Conclusions: According to our results, we postulate that the level of GDF-15 in serum can be use to assess the metastatic behavior of colorectal cancer
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