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Environmental Justice and the Roma Settlements of Eastern Slovakia: Entitlements, Land and the Environmental Risks

100%
Filčák R.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2012
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vol. 48
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issue 3
537–562
EN
Exposure of the Roma ethnic minority to social exclusion, segregation, and racial discrimination is well documented in the literature. How these tendencies are reflected in the access to environmental benefits and exposure to environmental risks in the majority and the minority populations is the subject of this article. Using a comparative evaluation and the concept of environmental justice the author analyses the social processes and factors that contribute to differentiated distribution of risks/benefits. Based on a survey of 30 randomly selected settlements and comparative case study analyses the author maps inequalities, identifies the location of a Roma settlement as a strong factor leading to various forms of environmental (in)justice, and subjects the settlement locations to an entitlement analysis (as developed by Amartya Sen). Particular attention is paid to defining and understanding entitlements and how they govern access to land and thus influence the living conditions and well-being of different individuals and groups. Entitlements and the entitlement-based control of resources are discussed here as a dynamic process, the different economic and social factors behind which are identified and analysed to deconstruct the processes that lead to environmental (in)justice. The article concludes with a description of trends and a discussion of the need to re-think our definitions and understanding of the role of entitlements in relation to the distribution of environmental benefits and risks.
2
Content available remote

BARIÉRY V PRÍSTUPE K PITNEJ VODE AKO ASPEKT SOCIÁLNEHO VYLÚČENIA RÓMSKEJ POPULÁCIE

63%
Škobla D., Filčák R.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2014
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vol. 46
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issue 5
620 – 637
EN
The main objective of this study is to explore and critically apply Bourdieu's concept of the field to identify barriers that hinder access to clean, safe sources of drinking water for the Roma population at a local level. The main barriers identified are power asymmetries and the lack of representation for those who have difficulty in accessing drinking water. The study combines a quantitative, empirical description of the water infrastructure in so-called Roma settlements with a qualitative account of structural inequalities in the local field of power. The authors suggest that equal access to water infrastructure should be assured through Roma-focused affirmative action, and recommend strengthening both universal social policies and central decision-making to neutralize the partisan interests and biased decision-making that are sometimes present at the local level.
3

EXPLORING MULTI-DIMENSIONAL NATURE OF POVERTY IN SLOVAKIA: ACCESS TO ENERGY AND CONCEPT OF ENERGY POVERTY

63%
Gerbery D., Filčák R.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
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2014
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vol. 62
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issue 6
579 – 597
EN
Poverty is a multi-dimensional phenomenon, with a complicated nature, roots and multiple impacts. Although generally missing in the mainstream definitions, access to energy has become an increasingly important aspect of this poverty. In modern societies access to energy is a basic condition for full participation. In this context, even short-term deprivation results in serious difficulties for the people affected. In the article we discuss the concept of energy poverty (its origin and problems with definitions), and analyse empirical data indicating the scope and impacts of the problem in the Slovak Republic. We suggest possible approach to defining energy poverty and offer first empirical findings. In conclusion we discuss methodological problems with the conceptualization of energy poverty and possible definitions, and outline challenges and further research needs.
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