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Reklama podprogowa jako narzędzie perswazji w komunikacji marketingowej

100%
Wójcik P.
Marketing i Rynek
|
2022
|
issue 3
3-9
EN
For many years, subliminal advertising has aroused a lot of controversy in the community of researchers dealing with this phenomenon. As it turned out that the results of the first study on the operation of subliminal advertising were probably falsified, there were doubts as to whether this form of advertising could be effective at all. A break through for this type of opinion was research on subliminal priming, which showed that the presentation of a subliminal stimulus can have an impact on the cognitive and affective system of a human. Over the past 20 years, an increase in interest in the effects of subliminal persuasion has been observed, which is reflected in the growing number of publications devoted to research on this phenomenon. It turns out that the effects of exposure to subliminal stimuli can be observed not only in relations to consumer behavior, but thanks to the methods used in research on the functioning of the brain, the action of such stimuli is also recorded at the level of changes in brain wave activity. The article reviews research on the effects of subliminal stimuli, the results of which can be used in marketing communication.
PL
Reklama podprogowa przez szereg lat wzbudzała wiele kontrowersji w środowisku badaczy zajmujących się tym zjawiskiem. Ponieważ okazało się, że wyniki pierwszego badania dotyczącego działania reklamy podprogowej zostały prawdopodobnie sfałszowane, pojawiły się wątpliwości, czy taka forma reklamy w ogóle może być skuteczna. Przełomowe dla tego rodzaju opinii okazały się badania nad tzw. podprogowym torowaniem, które pokazały, że prezentacja bodźca podprogowego może mieć wpływ na system poznawczy i afektywny człowieka. W ostatnich latach obserwuje się wzrost zainteresowania efektami perswazji podprogowej, czego przejawem jest m.in. rosnąca liczba publikacji poświęconych badaniom tego zjawiska. Okazuje się, że efekty ekspozycji bodźców podprogowych można zaobserwować nie tylko w odniesieniu do zachowań konsumentów, ale dzięki metodom wykorzystywanym w badaniach funkcjonowania mózgu działanie takich bodźców jest rejestrowane również na poziomie zmian aktywności fal mózgowych. W artykule dokonano przeglądu badań dotyczących efektów działania bodźców podprogowych, których wyniki mogą być wykorzystywane w komunikacji marketingowej.
2
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Uwarunkowania i korzyści empowermentu we współczesnych organizacjach

100%
Wójcik P.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia
|
2017
|
vol. 51
|
issue 3
EN
The objective of the paper is to present empowerment from various perspectives, indicate its determinants and applications in modern organizations. The paper is theoretical and informational in character. Empowerment revolving around the inclusion of employees into decision-making and development of their tangible influence upon the organization’s operations constitutes an answer to needs of modern enterprises. The paper reviews definitions of empowerment, describes its elements from the point of view of employees and companies, and presents benefits and costs of empowerment incurred by the organization. A review of studies pertaining to the impact of empowerment upon organizations was also conducted.
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie ujęcia empowermentu z różnych perspektyw, jego uwarunkowań i zastosowania we współczesnych organizacjach. Opracowanie ma charakter teoretyczno-poglądowy. Empowerment, polegający na włączeniu pracowników w proces podejmowania decyzji i rozwijania ich realnego wpływu na funkcjonowanie organizacji, stanowi odpowiedź na potrzeby współczesnego przedsiębiorstwa. W artykule dokonano przeglądu defiicji empowermentu, opisano jego elementy z punktu widzenia pracownika i przedsiębiorstwa oraz przedstawiono korzyści i koszty empowermentu ponoszone przez organizację. Dokonano też przeglądu badań dotyczących wpływu empowermentu na organizację.
3
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Legal Status of Mercenaries Under International Humanitarian Law of Armed Conflicts

100%
Wójcik P.
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia
|
2017
|
vol. 26
|
issue 3
EN
The article is dedicated to the problem of mercenarism which exists since armed conflicts break out throughout the world. The author compares legal remedies adopted by the international community concerning fighting mercenarism. The analysis puts stress on strong and weak points of particular provisions as well as makes recommendations de lege ferenda.
PL
Artykuł poświęcony jest problemowi najemnictwa, który występuje odkąd na świecie dochodzi do konfliktów zbrojnych. Autor dokonuje porównania przyjętych przez społeczność międzynarodową aktów prawnych w zakresie walki z najemnictwem. Analiza przepisów uwypukla mocne i słabe strony przyjętych rozwiązań oraz wskazuje na postulaty de lege ferenda.
4

Zaginięcie przedsiębiorcy a działalność przedsiębiorstwa — zarys problemu

100%
Wójcik P.
Nowa kodyfikacja prawa karnego
|
2020
|
vol. 56
135-153
EN
This article provides an outline of the analysis of problems caused by the disappearance of an entrepreneur in the context of his business. The purpose of the publication is to draw attention to the previously overlooked aspect of the disappearance of a natural person conducting business activities. The disappearance of an entrepreneur raises a number of separate problems not only in the personal sphere, but above all in the property sphere of the entrepreneur, his employees, contractors, or clients. The author of this article has analyzed the legal consequences of an entrepreneur’s disappearance in the context of his business. Then he identified the legal institutions implemented by the legislator, which can be used to avoid, or at least mitigate the negative effects of the said disappearance, and made their practical analysis in relation to the case of disappearance of an entrepreneur actively conducting business activities. This analysis was the basis for proposing a comprehensive solution through the joint use of several legal institutions operating in the legal regime to obtain the most effective protection of business participants in the event of the disappearance of an entrepreneur. Finally, he assessed the functioning legal institutions and proposed in which direction the legislator’s further actions should be taken to regulate the increasingly important problem of the disappearance of a participant of business trading. The aforementioned analysis led the author to the conclusion that the disappearance does not cause the entrepreneur’s non-existence to be recognized, and thus has virtually no legal effect on the property of the enterprise. In view of the above, despite the fact that the missing entrepreneur does not actually run the enterprise, during his unavoidable absence, his liabilities become chargeable, in particular property liabilities, in the public and private sphere, which may lead to the squandering of his assets, and at the same time to the violation of the interests of third parties related to the process of doing business. While the application of several legal institutions may limit the harmful effects of an entrepreneur’s disappearance on his property sphere and third parties, including those involved in business transactions, the legal solutions possible to apply in the event of an entrepreneur having gone missing should be evaluated negatively. In particular, none of them alone fully solves the problem of securing an enterprise in the event of disappearance, and most solutions are simply unreal in the event of an entrepreneur having gone missing. In practical terms, highlighting the problem of an entrepreneur's disappearance from the point of view of its legal effects and the possibility of removing its negative consequences will increase its rank in the assessment of search institutions and may contribute to the development of new solutions. It should be postulated that regardless of the analyzed solutions, the legislator plans and introduces mechanisms independent of the will of a missing entrepreneur, which would be applicable in the event of the disappearance of an entrepreneur by law, and allow immediate protection of his assets during his search. The above would make it possible to respond to the growing needs of society in this respect.
5
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Shortage of Talents – a Challenge for Modern Organizations

100%
Wójcik P.
International Journal of Synergy and Research
|
2017
|
vol. 6
EN
Purpose – The objective of the paper is to highlight the issue of talent shortage in modern organizations, determine the main causes and outcomes of the phenomenon, and compare the shortage in Polish organizations with global trends. Approach – Based upon the literature, the paper applies Chodorek’s approach to talent. Main challenges and determinants of talent management in modern organizations were established. A review of studies pertaining to the significance of talent management in modern organizations was conducted. Reasons behind talent shortage and its consequences for organizations were also examined.Findings – Both global and Polish trends indicate that talent management has become one of the chief challenges modern organizations face. Competition for talents constitutes a current issue and poses one of the critical challenges for HR departments. The shortage of talented workforce results primarily from unfavorable demographics and lack of appropriate qualifications of potential employees. It was observed that both in Poland and internationally, organizations voice problems with employing talented workers on the one hand, but frequently neglect to manage talents actively on the other. Few organizations possess a comprehensive strategy concerning the issue. The most significant consequences emerging from the shortage of talented employees include customer service capacity being limited and a decline in competitiveness and productivity.Originality/Value – The paper reviews and compares results of studies conducted by international consulting companies: Charter Institute of Personnel and Development, Deloitte, ManpowerGroup, Mercer, PricewaterhouseCoopers, Randstad, Boston Consulting Group. In addition, the shortage of talents present in Poland was compared with global trends.Paper type – Literature review.
6
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Style życia jako podstawa segmentacji konsumentów

100%
Wójcik P.
Problemy Zarządzania
|
2004
|
vol. 2
|
issue 2 (4)
104-109
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