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Judaizm wobec animacji ludzkiego embrionu

100%
Aleksiejuk A.
ELPIS
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2011
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vol. 13
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issue 23-24
299-316
EN
According to biblical anthropology, human beings are composed of body and soul. The question arises, however, at what moment does the body of the embryo possess a spiritual element? Can the breath of God visit the created and already developing in its own biological rhythm embryo? The key issue here is the moment of animation - the origin of a living being, which is created in the image and likeness of God. This article presents various Jewish points of views on the animation of the human embryo, all of which attempt to determine the exact moment at which the soul is breathed into the human body. Rabbinical authorities distinguish five different moments in this process: conception, the forty first day after conception, the birth of the child, the moment of circumcision and the moment in which the child is able to say 'Amen.' The first three mentioned cases have the most supporters. The first refers to the simultaneous animation, while the other theories argue for successive animation.
2
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Lew Tołstoj – prekursor pedagogiki Nowego Wychowania w Rosji

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Aleksiejuk A.
Studia Edukacyjne
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2020
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issue 57
227-240
EN
Interest in New Education Pedagogy is currently is experiencing its renaissance. The solutions suggested by alternative education, which emphasise the development of students’ individual skills and also addressing their needs and interests seem to be better suited to present times. The pedagogy of New Education, which places children in the centre of the educational and formation process, undoubtedly has much to offer. When reflecting on contemporary methods of making use of the achievements of New Education, it is worth going back to its origins, even to those little known or even forgotten and almost absent in current academic discourse as exemplified by the pedagogical reflection of the outstanding Russian intellectual and novelist, Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910). This article is dedicated to recalling the basic educational and formational intuitions of this exceptional figure. This seems to be intentional for at lease three reasons. First, as Sergiusz Hessen stated, it was Tolstoy who laid the groundwork for the New Educational pedagogy in Russia, which was referred to there as Free Education. Secondly, Leo Tolstoy’s pedagogical views and initiatives in the spirit of New Education, if establishing a school in Yasnaya Polyana can be acknowledged as such, appeared almost half a century earlier than John Dewey’s My Pedagogic Creed Ellen Key’s The Century of the Child. Finally, and equallyas important, the 190’s anniversary of Leo Tolstoy’s birth will be celebrated next year.
3
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Wychowanie według Aleksieja S. Chomiakowa (1804-1860)

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Aleksiejuk A.
Przegląd Pedagogiczny
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2022
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issue 1
9-29
EN
Aleksey Khomyakov (1804–1860) is one of the most outstanding Russian thinkers of the mid-nineteenth century, the main representative of the Slavophile movement, an intellectual movement in Russian political, social and philosophical thought that originated in Russia at the first half of the 19th century. Khomyakov, a philosopher, theologian, poet, publicist and social activist at the end of the 1850s, who was comprehensively educated, and gifted with exceptional mental acuity and erudition, focused his attention on pedagogical matters as was the case with several other representatives of the Russian intelligentsia. He included his reflections on this topic in an article entitled On Public Education in Russia, which appeared in 1858. Khomyakov presented in it his views on questions related to education, teaching and the priorities of the educational policy in Russia. The presented article is one of the most important source texts on the history of Russian pedagogy in the mid-nineteenth century. This is the first translation into Polish.
PL
Aleksiej Chomiakow (1804–1860) to jeden z najwybitniejszych rosyjskich myślicieli połowy XIX wieku, czołowy przedstawiciel słowianofilstwa – nurtu ideowego w rosyjskiej myśli politycznej, społecznej i filozoficznej, powstałego w Rosji w pierwszej połowie XIX wieku. Myśl tego wszechstronnie wykształconego, obdarzonego wyjątkową przenikliwością umysłu i erudycją filozofa, teologa, poety, publicysty i działacza społecznego, pod koniec lat 50. XIX wieku, podobnie jak u wielu innych przedstawicieli rosyjskiej inteligencji, skierowała się ku problematyce pedagogicznej. Swoje rozważania na ten temat zawarł w tekście pt. O wychowaniu społecznym w Rosji, który powstał w roku 1858. Chomiakow przedstawił w nim swoje poglądy na temat wychowania, nauczania i priorytetów ówczesnej polityki oświatowej w Rosji. Prezentowany artykuł jest jednym z ważniejszych tekstów źródłowych z zakresu historii rosyjskiej pedagogiki połowy XIX wieku. Jest to jego pierwsze tłumaczenie na język polski.
4
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Wolność religijna i poprawność europejska

100%
Aleksiejuk A.
ELPIS
|
2012
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vol. 14
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issue 25-26
105-113
EN
We live in times that are particularly sensitive to issues such as freedom and are differentiated by strong aspirations for personal and societal freedom. One speaks of political-societal freedom, freedom of religion, artistic freedom and freedom to choose one’s own lifestyle. It would be possible to make a long list of the various kinds or manifestations of freedom, which modern individuals indentify in their lives. My essay considers the ways the law functions in regards to religious freedom in the context of the currently prevailing and implemented political visions in United Europe. Strictly speaking, this paper concerns the definition of place, which was assigned for religious convictions of citizens of the European Union and their role in shaping their personal and societal lives.
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Prenatalny rozwój człowieka w Biblii hebrajskiej: Perspektywa judaizmu

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Aleksiejuk A.
ELPIS
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2012
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vol. 14
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issue 25-26
279-306
EN
There are several references to the first stages of human life in the Old Testament Scriptures. Some of them are formulations of both descriptions of the creation of man in the Book of Genesis, fragments of Psalms, historical books and wisdom literature. These fragments do not create a coherent conception, which illustrates the development of prenatal humanity. They rather point to God’s involvement in human conception and birth, which remains for us hidden and unconceivable. This article discusses questions of human conception in the context of Hebrew Scriptures. They serve as a starting point for reflections of the state of the human embryo from the perspective of Jewish bioethics.
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