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1
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Lekcja portretu. „Do Tytusa M.”

100%
Dąbrowicz E.
Kultura Współczesna. Teoria. Interpretacje. Praktyka
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2021
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vol. 116
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issue 4
149-162
EN
This article studies "Do Tytusa M." [To Tytus M.], a poem written by Cyprian Norwid in Paris in February 1857 and first published in 1860 by a popular Warsaw columnist as an excerpt from the album of the painter Tytus Maleszewski. The poem is addressed to the latter and discusses the portrait of Norwid that was to be painted by Tytus M. in pastel to preserve the image of the poet who had lived in exile for years. Norwid’s poem constitutes a peculiar ekphrasis of the work that is yet to be composed, outlining differences in both artists’ approaches to the art of portrait. Serving also as the poet’s peculiar self-portrait, it subtly intertwines the biographical references with mythological allusions (to the scene of Orpheus and Eurydice leaving the land of death), everyday life with artistic ideas, a solemn tone with a familiar and playful note. This poetic study of the portrait is confronted with the studies of faces included in Czarne kwiaty [Black Flowers] commemorating Norwid’s last encounters with Stefan Witwicki, Juliusz Słowacki, etc. Another context is provided by the images of contemporary figures, representatives of the world of politics and culture, published in the press at that time.
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Biografia pochwalna z 9 maja 1801 roku. Lektura kontekstowa

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Dąbrowicz E.
Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Literacka
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2019
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issue 35
140-161
EN
Comprehensive work on the history of nineteenth-century biographical texts has not been written yet and if it had, it would have to include the laudatory biographies practiced by Warsaw’s Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Nauk (Society of Friends of Arts and Sciences). An extensive collection of them can be found in their yearbooks. This article’s object of interest is Pochwała Józefa Szymanowskiego [Praise of Józef Szymanowski] by Stanisław Kostka Potocki, which was oftentimes cited as an example of exorbitant rhetoric in the past. Widely w Knidos [Venus temple in Knidos] casts shadow on TPN’s entire biographical work. The critics of the aforementioned Pochwała Józefa Szymanowskiego completely overlooked a substantial part of it which could be recognized as the founding story of the organization conceived in the Prussian part of the partitioned Poland; one that was taking its first shaky steps in uncertain times when the situation in Europe and the rest of the world was changing on a daily basis. commented unearned praise of the translation of Świątynia Wenery w Knidos [Venus temple in Knidos] casts shadow on TPN’s entire biographical work. The critics of the aforementioned Pochwała Józefa Szymanowskiego completely overlooked a substantial part of it which could be recognized as the founding story of the organization conceived in the Prussian part of the partitioned Poland; one that was taking its first shaky steps inuncertain times when the situation in Europe and the rest of the world was changing on a daily basis.changing on a daily basis.
3
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Rzeki „historyczne” w geografii mentalnej piętnastolecia pokongresowego (1815−1830)

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Dąbrowicz E.
Prace Filologiczne. Literaturoznawstwo
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2015
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issue 5(8)
315-334
EN
The geographical names of the rivers which occur in great numbers in Śpiewy historyczne (Historical chants) by Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz, represent some kind of imagined water circulation system. The idea of such a system, the one closely mingled with the past of the nation, was considered an important element not only of mental geography but also of national identity. The making of “ourselves” became a hot topic of public debate after the Congress of Vienna (1815), promising Polish people the right to cultural autonomy at least. Border rivers play a significant role in Niemczewicz’s work and they are recognized by the author as a basic element of natural, nonhuman world. They may also assume the role of state borders but only as a result of a combat. The riverbanks in Śpiewy historyczne are therefore frequently considered to be bloody battlefields. Getting across the river was a crucial moment in the biography of national heroes. On the map of Śpiewy two shared rivers, namely the Dnieper and Dniester, are conceived of as a boundary between the Western and Eastern world on the one hand, and between the civilization and barbarian people on the other. In view of the didactic and therapeutic functions of Niemcewicz’s work, all “historical” rivers mentioned in it play the role of the rivers of memory. They are thought of as instruments in remembering the lost homeland, by analogy to the rivers of Babylon, and envisaged as bedrocks of Polish self-consciousness and identity. The water circulation system in Śpiewy historyczne is similar to the images present in other works of the period, e.g. in the works of Staszic, Surowiecki, Woronicz. This idea and image would moreover be useful as a starting point to analyse the biographically and politically important phenomenon of “domestic” river in the works of Mickiewicz and Syrokomla.
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Między Bałtykiem a Euksynem. Horyzont etniczny w krajopisarstwie Juliana Ursyna Niemcewicza i Stanisława Platera

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Dąbrowicz E.
Białostockie Studia Literaturoznawcze
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2011
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issue 2
85-97
EN
The author aims to look at the mental maps of the Polish world outlined in the beginning of the 19th century in order to stabilize and retain the image of this world after the cataclysm of Napoleonic wars and the ensuing political transformations. The article is an analysis of the works by Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz (1758-1841) and Stanisław Plater (1784-1851). The author claims that Niemcewicz undertook the task of sketching not only his personal reminiscences, but also a new mental map of the Polish world as an entity which was somewhat stabilized, if not quite steady and secure. In this vein he wrote a sort of historical reportage entitled ‘Podróże historyczne po ziemiach polskich’ (published in 1858) as well as a series of patriotic poems entitled ‘Śpiewy historyczne’ (1816), the historical treatise ‘Dzieje panowania Zygmunta III’ (1819) and the historical romance ‘Jan z Tęczyna’ (1825). Stanisław Plater (1784-1851), born to a famous Livonia family, wrote his ‘Jeografia wschodniey części Europy’ with the similar aim of portraying the Poles against the background of the ever-changing political geography of Eastern Europe.
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Biografia transgraniczna. Migracje jako problem tożsamości w polskim wieku XIX

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Dąbrowicz E.
Białostockie Studia Literaturoznawcze
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2010
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issue 1
61-75
EN
The paper discusses the phenomenon of Poles’ nineteenth-century migrations documented in broadly understood literature in the biographical perspective. The proposed term transborder biography refers to the experience connected with the recurrence of crossing the borders (political,social, environmental, cultural) and attempts at putting down roots in new conditions forced by circumstances (political, social, economic).
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Stulecie Tyrmanda. Cezura w biografii publicznej pisarza

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Dąbrowicz E.
Prace Filologiczne. Literaturoznawstwo
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2021
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issue 11 (14)
223-240
EN
The springboard for this article is the resolution adopted by the lower house of the Polish parliament (Sejm) that established the year 2020 as Leopold Tyrmand’s anniversary year which is a crucial time landmark in his posthumous legacy. Based on four biographical texts on Tyrmand’s life, which are the subject matter of this article, one can easily notice Tyrmand’s duality that manifests through his legend in the period of PRL (Polish People’s Republic) and his American experience that confirmed his consistency in anticommunist attitude. In all four cases the key issue is the biographical time mark that sets apart the years spent in Poland and the period of Tyrmand’s emigration. Wojciech Skalmowski draws attention to the fact that the author of Zły [The Evil One] had to start his new life over and over again. According to Mariusz Urbanek (Zły Tyrmand) [The Evil Tyrmand], leaving Poland breaks Tyrmand’s biography into two separate stages and the authors of the book Amerykański brzeg Leopolda Tyrmanda [The American Shore of Leopold Tyrmand] claim that it was the emigration that clearly disclosed Tyrmand’s dominant worldview incorporated in his literary works. On the other hand, Marcel Woźniak shifts the focus to identity matters which originated from the novelist’s Jewish background. From this perspective Tyrmand’s biography proves to be one of many examples of migration biographies coming into being between the old and the new world.
PL
Punktem wyjścia artykułu jest uchwała Sejmu o ustanowieniu roku 2020 rokiem Leopolda Tyrmanda, która stanowi ważny moment w jego losach pośmiertnych. Przedmiotem rozważań są cztery teksty biograficzne na jego temat. W pierwszym rzędzie dokumentują one zróżnicowanie ujęć autora Złego: przez pryzmat PRL-owskiej legendy i od strony doświadczeń amerykańskich, które potwierdziły jego konsekwentny antykomunizm. We wszystkich kluczową kwestię stanowi cezura biograficzna między latami spędzonymi w Polsce i okresem emigracyjnym. Wojciech Skalmowski podkreśla, że Tyrmand wielokrotnie musiał zaczynać wszystko od nowa. Według Mariusza Urbanka (Zły Tyrmand) wyjazd za granicę powoduje rozbicie biografii pisarza na dwa osobne etapy. Zdaniem autorów książki Amerykański brzeg Leopolda Tyrmanda, dopiero emigracja stwarza możliwość pełnego ujawnienia dominanty światopoglądowej jego twórczości. Z kolei w książce Marcela Woźniaka akcent pada na problemy tożsamościowe, których źródłem było żydowskie pochodzenie pisarza. Z tego punktu widzenia biografia Tyrmanda okazuje się jednym z wielu przypadków biografii migracyjnych, spełniających się między starym i nowym światem.
7
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Syndrom rozbitka. Robinson Crusoe i Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz

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Dąbrowicz E.
Porównania
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2019
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vol. 25
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issue 2
21-42
EN
The success of Daniel Defoe’s novel meant that its protagonist began to live as an emblematic figure for Western culture (especially English culture) expanding beyond the borders of Europe. Robinson epitomised a set of features guaranteeing success in the conquest of the world, a combination of individualism, entrepreneurship and Protestant religiosity. Despite the fact that the Polish mentality of noble origin had an anti-bourgeois bias, Defoe’s novel gained popularity also among Polish readers. Robinson Crusoe was an ally of those Polish writers who first worked to save the state at the end of the 18th century, and when they failed, at least tried to modernize the Polish mentality. One of them, Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz, treated Robinson Crusoe as a borderline character between fiction and extra-literary truth. He, like Robinson, travelled to the New World and tried to survive there. In his diary and epistolary notes there are many motifs that are considered in connection with Defoe’s novel: migrations, ethnic conditions of colonisation, the attitude of newcomers to the indigenous inhabitants. It is also worth looking at the novel Jan z Tęczyna by Niemcewicz through the lens of Robinson Crusoe. The protagonist, like Robinson, is shipwrecked on an island. However, he does not manage to settle on the island because of internal obstacles: idealistic ideas about loving a woman and his own status as a Pole of an excellent family.
PL
Opinia Jean-Jacquesa Rousseau o powieści Daniela Defoe (pierwodruk: 1719) wpłynęła na późniejsze przekłady i adaptacje dzieła. W jej następstwie upowszechniło się mocniejsze niż w oryginale eksponowanie doświadczeń wyspiarskich w dziejach Robinsona Crusoe. Sukces powieści sprawił też, że jej bohater zaczął żyć jako postać emblematyczna dla kultury zachodniej (zwłaszcza angielskiej) ekspandującej poza granice Europy. Robinson-rozbitek, który przez wiele lat dawał sobie radę na bezludnej wyspie, uosabiał zespół cech gwarantujących sukces w podboju świata, połączenie indywidualizmu, przedsiębiorczości, protestanckiej religijności. Mimo że polska mentalność o rodowodzie szlacheckim miała charakter antymieszczański, powieść Defoe zdobyła popularność również wśród polskich czytelników. Wydaje się, że Robinson Crusoe był też sojusznikiem tych spośród polskich pisarzy, którzy działali najpierw na rzecz ratowania państwa pod koniec XVIII wieku, a kiedy to się nie udało, próbowali przynajmniej unowocześnić polską mentalność. Określa się ich zresztą niekiedy mianem „rozbitków”, nawiązując do popularnego toposu nawy państwowej jako okrętu. Jeden z nich, Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz, traktował Robinsona Crusoe jako postać z pogranicza fikcji i prawdy pozaliterackiej. Sam, jak Robinson, odbywał podróże do Nowego Świata i próbował tam przetrwać. W jego zapiskach dziennikowo-pamiętnikarskich można znaleźć wiele motywów, które rozważa się w związku z powieścią Defoe: migracje, etniczne uwarunkowania kolonizacji, stosunek przybyszów do rdzennych mieszkańców. Przez pryzmat Robinsona Crusoe warto również spojrzeć na powieść Niemcewicza Jan z Tęczyna. Jej bohater, podobnie jak Robinson, trafia na wyspę po katastrofie statku. Nie udaje mu się jednak na niej osiąść z powodu przeszkód natury wewnętrznej: idealistycznych wyobrażeń o miłości do kobiety oraz własnym statusie jako Polaka znakomitego rodu.
8
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Out of Date. Remarks on the 1951 “Index of Books to be Immediately Excluded”

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Dąbrowicz E.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
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2016
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vol. 37
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issue 7
57-72
EN
This article seeks to identify some of the uses of „the index of books to be immediately excluded” issued by the Ministry of Culture and Arts in 1951. At that time, decrees of the sort specified inventories of books permitted to be included on the shelves of Polish. In the process, many books were to be removed for good both from libraries and from native heritage. Addition­ally, the procedure of “purification”, as it was called by the officials, bore significant similarities to the repressive practices of the German and Russian occupants used during WWII. The author argues that analogies were drawn wittingly or impulsively at least for the effectiveness of German and Russian inventions. The 1951 list of books forbidden for the Polish common reader offers their obsolete character as the reason for exclusion. Up to date did not mean “contemporary” but up to the demands of state authorities. Administrative pressure to reflect the political agenda converted books into somewhat fatter newspapers and in this way seriously damaged book, which had always been the important vehicle of national and cultural memory.
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W stronę syntezy. Rec.: Zofia Trojanowiczowa, Romantyzm od poetyki do polityki. Interpretacje i materiały. Kraków 2010

100%
Dąbrowicz E.
Pamiętnik Literacki
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2014
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vol. 105
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issue 2
199-206
EN
Zofia Trojanowiczowa’s book consists of articles devoted to Cyprian Norwid’s and Adam Mickiewicz’s creativity. Not only is it a collection of brilliant studies interpreting individual pieces by the previously mentioned poets (Norwid’s "Cywilizacja" <"Civilisation"> and Mickiewicz’s "Konfederaci barscy" <"Confederates of Bar">) or problems crucial for them (e.g. the artist’s role in the modern world, relationship between ethics and politics), but in fact it is a synopsis of the synthesis of Romanticism.
PL
Na książkę Zofii Trojanowiczowej złożyły się artykuły dotyczące głównie twórczości Cypriana Norwida i Adama Mickiewicza. Publikacja ta jednak nie tylko jest zbiorem świetnych studiów interpretacyjnych na temat poszczególnych utworów wymienionych poetów (np. "Cywilizacja" Norwida czy "Konfederaci barscy" Mickiewicza) bądź istotnych dla nich zagadnień (m.in. rola artysty w świecie nowoczesnym, relacje między etyką a polityką), lecz stanowi w gruncie rzeczy zarys syntezy romantyzmu.
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Ethos i konieczność. Rec.: Jerzy Fiećko, Krasiński przeciw Mickiewiczowi. Najważniejszy spór romantyków. Poznań 2011

100%
Dąbrowicz E.
Pamiętnik Literacki
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2014
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vol. 105
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issue 2
206-214
EN
The author of the book convincingly proves that the most seminal argument of the Polish Romanticism was the controversy between Zygmunt Krasiński and Adam Mickiewicz.
PL
Autor książki przekonywająco dowodzi, że najważniejszym sporem polskiego romantyzmu była kontrowersja między Zygmuntem Krasińskim a Adamem Mickiewiczem.
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Model niestateczny

88%
Dąbrowicz E.
Studia Norwidiana
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2008
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vol. 26
231-236
12
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Model niestateczny

32%
Dąbrowicz E.
Studia Norwidiana
|
2008
|
vol. 26
231-236
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