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EN
The aim of the study was to present the results of local development research in the municipality of Unisław. Main motive to take research there was the liquidation of the sugar factory, which operated in the community for over 120 years. An attempt was made to determine the impact of plant closure on the local market. The secondary data were used, as well as questionnaire survey with the inhabitants of Unisław. The research has shown that the liquidation of sugar factory did not affect on the municipality economic situation, expressed by objective gauges. The expected increase in unemployment did not take place. People who have lost their jobs have found new employment or availed their right to retire. This also involves the phenomenon of economic migration – change of residence dictated finding a new job. There were no changes in the structure of agricultural production. Sugar beet producers have found new recipient of the raw material in Chełmża, where the sugar refinery still exists. Changes – assessed as significant – are noticeable by the local community. In the opinion of locals, the liquidation of sugar factory had a big impact on the development of the community and entailed the many negative changes. The respondents believe that the factory area, should be further developed a new features, such as: any other industry, commercial or residential area. Thus one can try to assess the impact of the liquidation of an industrial plant using objective measures, however, this allows you not to capture the real impact on local development, because the sugar factory in Unisław still exists in the minds of local residents.
PL
Celem opracowania jest próba określenia wpływu likwidacji cukrowni, funkcjonującej przez ponad 210 lat, na rozwój lokalny gminy Unisław w województwie kujawsko-pomorskim. W pracy wykorzystano dane wtórne, jak również bezpośredni wywiad kwestionariuszowy z mieszkańcami Unisławia. Na podstawie mierników i wskaźników poziomu rozwoju lokalnego gminy, nie zauważono bezpośredniego wpływu zamknięcia cukrowni, jednak wykazano, że zakład ciągle funkcjonuje w świadomości mieszkańców. Niestety, zabudowania cukrowni wyburzono, a gmina nie ujęła tego obszaru w programie rewitalizacji.
EN
The article discusses the problem of the possibilities of shaping social capital in kujawsko-pomorskie voivodeship, by absorbing funds from UE – Rural Development Program, in the financial perspective 2007–2013. Among all of 22 priorities from RDP only 8 of them were chosen – those which may have the biggest influence for the social capital growth in voivodeship area. The data form Agency for Restructuring and Modernisation of Agriculture (ARMA), for all gminas of kujawsko-pomorskie were used in this paper. The payment value indicator for all priorities per capita in PLN was created. Furthermore the gminas classification was prepared by using the Ward’s hierarchical cluster analysis. The priorities for economic activity differentiation in rural areas and micro-enterprises development were highly correlated. They were mainly used in gminas with the highest level of UE funds for young farmers absorbing. Also the level of absorbing the UE funds from all of LEADER axis priorities was high and they were all correlated. The biggest influence of the level of RDP program funds absorbtion for social capital creation of rural areas was observed in gminas of żniński and inowrocławski poviats and also in the NE part of kujawsko-pomorskie vovivodeship (gminas of golubsko-dobrzyński, wąbrzeski, grudziądzki and brodnicki poviats). The spatial distribution of the value of UE payment indicator per 1 person depends on the age of farm managers. In addition, it refers to the historical-ethnographic regions in the kujawsko-pomorskie voivodeship.
PL
Artykuł podejmuje problem pełniejszego wykorzystania możliwości kształtowania kapitału społecznego na obszarach wiejskich województwa kujawsko-pomorskiego, poprzez absorpcję środków z Unii Europejskiej w ramach Programu Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich w perspektywie finansowej 2007–2013. Wyodrębniono osiem działań PROW, które zdaniem autorów oddziaływały na wzmocnienie kapitału społecznego i dokonano analizy przestrzennej ich absorpcji w odniesieniu do potencjału ludnościowego badanego obszaru. Stwierdzono, że działania skierowane na wsparcie różnicowania działalności gospodarczej na obszarach wiejskich oraz na rozwój mikroprzedsiębiorstw istotnie korelowały ze sobą i były wykorzystywane najczęściej w gminach o najwyższym wskaźniku absorpcji pomocy dla młodych rolników. Rozkład przestrzenny wskaźnika absorpcji działań osi LEADER także są istotnie powiązane ze sobą. Wykazano, że największy wpływ absorpcji środków z PROW na kształtowanie kapitału społecznego na obszarach wiejskich widać w gminach powiatów żnińskiego, inowrocławskiego oraz w północno-wschodniej części województwa w powiatach golubsko-dobrzyńskim, wąbrzeskim, grudziądzkim i brodnickim.
PL
The article presents the level and spatial structure of the absorption of EU funds within Cohesion Policy and Common Agricultural Policy during the 2007–2013 EU financial framework in Poland. The data analysed include all of the payments from European programmes, divided into two groups: the support dedicated for the development of agriculture and rural areas, and the cohesion policy. It has been demonstrated that the level and structure of delivery of these funds is spatially diversified. The index of the absorption of EU funds per capita is negatively correlated with the level of socio-economic development, which results from the allocation of payments dedicated for development of agriculture and rural areas. The distribution of cohesion funds is not correlated with the level of socio-economic development in poviats.
EN
Poland’s rural areas are very diverse, creating great opportunities but also challenges for their development. It is necessary to constantly monitor their development problems and internal potentials to select territorial support instruments properly. Various classifications of rural areas can help to fulfill this task. The study’s primary purpose is to identify the possibility of using various typologies of rural areas to explain development processes and, in turn, shape development policies in the inner periphery area. The study is organized as follows: After the introductory part, we reviewed theoretical approaches to the rural areas and inner peripheries. Then, our novel approach to delimiting the inner peripheries in Poland is presented. Afterward, the distribution of inner peripheries is compared with the results of selected existing classifications of rural areas with particular emphasis on areas where there is an accumulation of negative social and economic phenomena. The results of the comparative analysis revealed a relatively high degree of spatial compliance, above 50% in each of the comparisons. This result confirmed that the inner peripheries have features in common with the problem rural areas identified in the analyzed divisions. They are characterized by low transport accessibility to local and regional development centers, a shrinking labor market, low efficiency of the territorial socio-economic system, and low quality of life. These are also areas where agriculture is still the main or one of the primary sources of income. These areas are losing their social and territorial capital, and the most remarkable development challenge is to stop or slow down all negative changes. However, the key factors to achieve that are the proper identification of needs and proper programming of assistance through precise actions targeted at specific areas according to the territorial approach.
PL
Celem opracowania jest określenie możliwości wykorzystania zróżnicowanych typologii obszarów wiejskich do wyjaśnienia procesów rozwojowych, a w dalszej kolejności do kształtowania polityki rozwojowej na obszarach wewnętrznych peryferii. W artykule zaprezentowano rozmieszczenie przestrzenne wewnętrznych peryferii w Polsce oraz przeprowadzono analizę porównawczą uzyskanego rozkładu z wynikami wybranych podziałów obszarów wiejskich. Interpretacja otrzymanych wyników pozwala wnioskować, że zasadne jest odejście od kategoryzowania tych obszarów według ich poziomu wiejskości lub miejskości na rzecz pomiaru lokalnego kapitału terytorialnego w myśl koncepcji rozwoju wielofunkcyjnego. Koncepcja wielofunkcyjnego rozwoju obszarów wiejskich ma natomiast duże znaczenie w wyjaśnianiu procesów rozwojowych i programowaniu interwencji rozwojowej na obszarze wewnętrznych peryferii.
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