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1

Zespół kafli renesansowych z ratusza w Bytomiu

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Andrzejewska A., Łódzkiego I. A. U.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica

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2010

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vol. 27

EN

Archaeological research on the market square of the old town in Bytom were conducted in the years 1997-1999 on the occasion of rebuilding of underground installations and modernization of the surface. In their course relics of the town hall consisting of two one-tract wings of earlier erected, western, and subsequenly the eastern one, added around the half of the 16th century, had two cellars. The rst one, divided into three rooms, was situated under a bit older part, and was accessible immediately from the market place surface, whereas the second, divided into two localities was accesible from the room of the higher storey. In the rubble heap of these rooms lling an interesting collection of stove tiles was found. In the town hall 1189 fragments of tiles were found, as well as 2 complete bowl forms and 2 plates decorated with rosettes. Among the fragments specimens formed in matrixes - 585 specimens, 378 walls and 226 bowl tiles were distinguished. Except not numerous specimens the majority of the collection may be divided on the grounds of observed similarities of forms, metrical features and stylistics of decoration into three coherent technological-formal groups, which may be remains of two stoves. One may have been made on plan of a circle of bigger brown bowl tiles, whereas the other of green tiles, bowl and plate ones or, what is less probable, only plate ones. Reconstruction of the stoves from Bytom town hall needs further research, however at present as most probable should be recognized assignations concerning the dating of the green stove. It seems that it was built after 1526, in the second quarter of the 16th century.

2

Przyczynek do dziejów hutnictwa żelaznego na ziemi dobrzyńskiej

100%

Andrzejewska A., Instytut Archeologii U. Ł.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica

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2004

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vol. 24

EN

In the northern part of the Dobrzyń Land, which since the 80s of the 13th century was within Rypin castellan's district and since the mid-14th century in the Rypin district, conditions were favourable for iron metallurgy development. Its source basis was constituted by turf ores lying on swampy meadows in the closest neighbourhood of Rypin and other areas of the castellan’s district, crossed by a number of streams (lowing into Rypienicą, Drwęca and Wkra rivers. Historical evidence testifies for functioning of five forges furnished with water wheels in this area. While searching for metallurgical settlements in areas rich in ores all notices about cereal mills being in use in modern times should be taken into account. According to Z. Guidon water smithy equipment from the 16th century was often rebuilt for cereal processing. One of such mills functioned in Mały Zakroczek, which is now included in the village of Dylewo. In the place where the mill worked as late as in the inter-war period, nowadays there are fishponds. Archaeologists’ attention was drawn by finds of medieval clay vessels and lumps of iron slag dug from the bottom of the river. In 2000 excavations on the area of 74 sq m were conducted in order to recognize possible settlement traces. Despite considerable transformation of the discussed terrain, which took place during the latest rebuilding of the ponds, the archaeologists succeeded in revealing relics of the forge. Preserved layers of roasted ore, iron slabs, accompanied by layers of burning from blast furnaces testify for its functioning. On the grounds of pottery sherds and stove tiles the forge has been dated to a period from the end of the 13th to the end of the 17th century. During the production local turf ores were used. The location of the productive settlement on the river was not accidental; water wheel was probably used as propulsion of bellows and mechanisms for ore crumbling. After the iron production had been given up water mechanisms were successfully adapted by the mill.

3

Szkło naczyniowe z klasztoru oo. Dominikanów w Brześciu Kujawskim, województwo włocławskie

100%

Andrzejewska A., Instytut Archeologii U. Ł.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica

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1996

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vol. 20

EN

The excavations of the post-Dominican complex et Brześć Kujawski have yielded 257 glass fragments from which 76 vessels have been partly reconstructed. They include 52 narrow-neckcd bottles, 15 bell-shaped beakers, 2 jugs, 2 glasses and 4 pharmaceutic ampoules. All vessels came from layers linked with demolition and building works carried out by the monks at the close of the 18th up to the thirties of the 19th century. On the basis of stratigraphical sequence, associated finds, typological characteristics and results of chemical analyses it has been possible to assign the vessels in question to the period from the close of the 18th to the first half of the 19th century. The analysis of the chemical composition of the glass indicates that most vessels were made of sodium-calcium-potassium-magnesium glass. The ratio of particular alcaline components points to the use of raw material derived from the ashes of halophytes and of continental plants as well. Potassium glass is commonly regarded as a characteristic product of our lands. As the occurrence of the bell-beakers is also confined to Polish sites it is justifiable to assume that sodium glass has been produced in Poland at least since the end of the 18th century. Sodium glass could be made from material derived from halophytes growing in the regions of inland salt oans. The same applies to the bottles made according to sodium-calcium- potassium-magnesium recipes. Since the number of analyses of glass composition, made for selected samples, is still inadequate, errors may creep into the findings. As an example we can quote here the results of the analysis of the Brześć beakers inconsistent with data known from literature. Forest glass-works were active over the whole northern and central Europe, and so they would also produce potassium glass obtaining alcaline raw material from the ashes of ferns. Potassium bottles were also produced in France, England and other countries of that zone. Findings оГ the studies on the composition and production not only o f Polish but also of Europea glass should be tested.

4

Wstępne wyniki badań grodziska w Zgłowiączce, gm. Lubraniec, woj. włocławskie, w 1988 r.

100%

Andrzejewska A.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica

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1992

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vol. 17

EN

The studies were conducted by the Archaeological Department of University of Łódź charged with the task by the Provincial Conservator of Monuments in Włocławek. It was the second season of investigations. In 1988, excavations of 15 x x 2,5 m were located in the eastern part of the castle on the W-E axis, from the coping of the dike directed to the maidan. According to the stratography observed there two settlement s levels related to the second stage of fortifications of the castle and one settlement's level related to the first stage of castle's fortification were discovered. An unfortified settlement was registered under the heaped levers of the dike and cultural stratifications of the castle. According to the earthenware material the discovered settlement s levels dated back to the second half of the lZ^ century and to the 13*^ century. In historical sources no reference to the castle was found. Documents are related to the Zgłowiączka village itself and salt-works working in the village. The first reference comes from 1155, from the bulla of the Pope Hadrian IV and it contains the list of possessions of the monastery of canons regular in Czerwińsk where the salt-works in Zgłowiączka is mentioned among others. The castle must have played an important economic role the castellany of Włocławek and Brzesk. Since it was situated on the Zgłowiączka river at the ford where there was a road leading to Radziejów and Kruszwica, in the village with market and salt-works.

5

Między etnografią a archeologią doświadczalną, czyli o smaku świątecznych szynek

63%

Andrzejewska A., Andrzejewski A., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. A., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. A.

Zeszyty Wiejskie

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2016

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vol. 22

EN

One of the main problems of living human was food storage. The biggest problem was with perishable meat. So, in order to keep meat in good condition, people dried or smoked it. Smoking is a method of preserving food: meat, meat products, fish, cheese, malt, etc. by smoke. As a result of this process foods acquire a specific aroma, taste and color of the surface. The construction of the smokehouse was developed in the Middle Ages, and since then, in principle, it has not changed. The device consists of a smoking chamber, furnaces and runner smoke from the furnace to the smoking chamber. Sometimes, in the old homes, smokehouses were built directly into the chimney stove that heated the house. Then there was a description of the process of preparing homemade smoked hams. These activities included the preparation of a couple of hams. The first stage is salting. Then smoking takes place in a specially prepared smokehouse by means of smoke of plum and cherry wood.

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Zespół kafli renesansowych z ratusza w Bytomiu

Przyczynek do dziejów hutnictwa żelaznego na ziemi dobrzyńskiej

Szkło naczyniowe z klasztoru oo. Dominikanów w Brześciu Kujawskim, województwo włocławskie

Wstępne wyniki badań grodziska w Zgłowiączce, gm. Lubraniec, woj. włocławskie, w 1988 r.

Między etnografią a archeologią doświadczalną, czyli o smaku świątecznych szynek