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EN
This article is devoted to the minarchism and anarcho-capitalism ideas of the state. I present the views of libertarian thinkers such as James M. Buchanan, Robert Nozick, and David Friedman. Only only the last one mentioned the latter is a supporter of the organization of society without the need for political authorities and rejects even such basic tasks of the state, to ensure the functioning of the police, army, and judiciary.
PL
Artykuł poświęcony jest minarchistycznym i anarchokapitalistycznym ideom państwa. Prezentuję w nim stanowiska takich libertariańskich myślicieli, jak James M. Buchanan, Robert Nozick oraz David Friedman. Tylko ten ostatni jest poplecznikiem zorganizowania społeczeństwa bez potrzeby istnienia władz politycznych i odrzuca nawet tak podstawowe zadania państwa, jak zapewnienie funkcjonowania policji, wojska i wymiaru sprawiedliwości.
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Rozumienie libertarianizmu

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EN
This scientific article treats of libertarianism. This school of political thought is based on methodological individualism, methodological subjectivism, anti-empiricism, apriorism. Libertarian philosophers demand almost absolute freedom in every area of life and that is why they are at the opposite pole to all totalitarian ideologies. The greatest influence on the understanding of libertarianism had Carl Menger, Murray Rothbard and David Nolan.
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EN
In this article I discuss the roots of libertarian thought. First I draw a little-known late-scholastic philosophy of the Renaissance period. Then, the theoretical basis for the libertarian direction created: Anglo-Saxon philosophers the Age of Enlightenment and French anti-statists nineteenth century. A fundamental contribution to the popularization this philosophy played in turn: Austrian economics, which created such outstanding figures as Carl Menger, Ludwig von Mises and Chicago school of economics under the direction of Milton Friedman.
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