Celem artykułu jest omówienie koncepcji schematów mimetycznych (mimetic schema), zaproponowanych przez Jordana Zlateva, i jej zastosowanie w opisie semantyki gestów ikonicznych. Schematy mimetyczne cechuje większa szczegółowość, a więc i mniejszy stopień abstrakcji niż schematy wyobrażeniowe (image schema), dotychczas najczęściej stosowane w badaniach semantyki metafor i gestów. W artykule zostaną omówione właściwości schematów mimetycznych oraz ich porównanie ze schematami wyobrażeniowymi. W części analitycznej zostaną zaprezentowane wyniki badań mających na celu wydobycie tych schematów na podstawie obserwacji gestykulacji i wypowiedzi uczestników podczas trzech sesji zadaniowych.
EN
The aim of the article is to discuss the concept of mimetic schemas, proposed by Jordan Zlatev, and its application in the description of the semantics of iconic gestures. The mimetic schemas are characterized by greater details, and therefore a smaller degree of abstraction than the image schemas, which are most frequently used in the study of metaphors and gestures. The article will discuss the properties of mimetic schemes and their comparison with image schemas. The analytical part will present the results of research aimed at extracting these schemas based on the observation of gestures and statements of participants during three task sessions.
So far, emblems have been considered a consistent and speech-independent gesture code. This paper attempts to track the function that they play in a natural dialogue. The footage we used to study emblematic gestures, contained such TV programmes where participants can be observed in the situation of unrehearsed dialogue, as it is then that the function of their emblematic gestures is enriched with additional elements such as a mental rapprochement of the interlocutors, and modifications of the syntactic flow of utterances. During the dialogue, speakers might also create new gestural illustrators which can become the seeds of new emblems. The paper also signals a new category of gestures, emotion icons, that were not recognized in previous classifications. Unlike the already known emotion indicators, they do not so much indicate the emotional state of the speaker, as mimic it in a gesture, and are an iconic expression that can even transform into an emblem of the given emotion.
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