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Zakres autonomii Kościoła katolickiego przy obsadzaniu urzędów kościelnych w III Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej

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Stępień J.
Łódzkie Studia Teologiczne
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2019
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vol. 28
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issue 3
195-210
EN
The autonomy of the Catholic Church while filling ecclesiastical offices has been one of the most important guarantees of independence from secular authority since the beginning of the Christian community. Because of the role of the Church in society, the restriction of this freedom has been the subject of constant interest of secular authorities. By influencing an ecclesiastical office secular authority gained a potential instrument for its political strengthening and actual influence on a given community. As far as possible the Church has attempted to avoid the influence of secular authorities, which had various results, depending on historical and social circumstances. The article focuses on discussing the contemporary solution adopted in the constitutional order of the Third Republic of Poland. The analysis of the relevant provisions is preceded by a description of the specific foundations of the current situation of the Church in Poland and the presentation of the issue of the ecclesiastical office according to the canon law. The last part of the considerations is supplemented with elements of legal solution from the Second Republic of Poland in order to present the evolution of views on this element of mutual relations of both the Church and the state.
2
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The activity of the Catholic Church during the election campaign

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Stępień J.
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego
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2019
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issue 5 (51)
159-173
EN
The legal situation of the Catholic Church in the Third Republic of Poland allows the Church to operate in a public space on specific principles and within accepted boundaries, determined by developing a conciliatory position of all interested com- munities. It is important, however, to point out that, due to the continuous evolu- tion of mutual relations between the secular and ecclesiastical authorities – caused by a number of social and political factors – doubts arise periodically about both the nature and the shape of mutual relations. One of the periods with the greatest significance for this type of reflection is the election campaign. The following ar- ticle contains information on relations between the state and the Catholic Church in the aspect of the relations of communities, supplemented with an analysis of the provisions of secular and canon law regarding the possibilities of clerics’ activity in the sphere of broadly understood political activity on the territory of the Third Re- public of Poland.
PL
Sytuacja prawna Kościoła Katolickiego na terytorium III Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej pozwa- la Kościołowi na funkcjonowanie w przestrzeni publicznej na zasadach i w przyjętych granicach, określonych dzięki wypracowaniu koncyliacyjnego stanowiska zaintereso- wanych środowisk. istotne jest jednak wskazanie, iż, ze względu na nieustanną ewolucję stosunków wzajemnych pomiędzy władzą świecką a kościelną – powodowaną szeregiem czynników społecznych i politycznych – cyklicznie pojawiają się wątpliwości dotyczące zarówno charakteru, jak i kształtu stosunków wzajemnych. Jednym z okresów o najdo- nioślejszym znaczeniu dla tego typu rozważań jest kampania wyborcza. Poniższy arty- kuł zawiera informacje na temat stosunków pomiędzy państwem i Kościołem Katolickim w wymiarze relacji wspólnotowych, uzupełnione o analizę przepisów prawa świeckie- go i kanonicznego w zakresie możliwości działania duchownych w sferze szeroko poję- tej aktywności politycznej na terenie III Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej.
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Populizm penalny. Definicja, przejawy, ocena

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Stępień J.
Przegląd Legislacyjny
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2022
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issue PL 3 (121)/2022
94-119
EN
The aim of the study is to analyze the phenomenon of penal populism and to formulate a new, synthetic definition of it, taking into account the achievements of Polish and foreign legal doctrine. Through a critical analysis of the definitions already formulated, drawing on the achievements of 20th-century philosophy, the author will try to take into account all the features constituting the policy of penal populism in its definition, as well as assess the discussed phenomenon, showing the potential threats and opportunities resulting from it. The author will go to the roots of the phenomenon of populism as such, indicate its etymology, history, the possibility of transposing this concept onto the legal ground and discuss the mechanism of criminal law-making in a populist manner, pointing to alternative solutions.
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