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Господар смрти као Свечовек: пројекције елитних филозофских токова у српском стрипу и популарној култури 1930–их

100%

Stefanović Z.

International Journal of Slavic Studies Transgressive, Pragmatic and Speculative Horizons of Popular Literature and Culture

2020

vol. 1

issue 2

Among many philosophically and artistically challenging themes of comics in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in the late 1930s - popular entertainment exported from Belgrade into a dozen of European countries - one of the dominating was the new world war. It spontaneously took on various forms, from documentary and pseudorealistic, through technologically sophisticated and futurofantastic, to metaphysical and transcendental. A special place in the microgenre occupies the Belgrade superhero series „The Master of Death” (Gospodar smrti, November 1939 - May 1940), whose author was the then young comic artist George/Yuri Lobachev (Đorđe Lobačev), a Russian born and raised in Serbian culture, founder of some comic strip genres. Unlike openly militaristic spirit reflected in the contemporary popular culture of Europe and the United States, the images of the world conflict in the comics of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, a country not yet recovered from The Great War, were most often oriented towards the world peace and universal values. This attitude in the Serbian entertainment industry was a direct intellectual reflection of the fusion of the philosophy of life of Henri Bergson and other European thinkers with the ideas of the classical Serbian tradition and theology, which led to a new philosophical direction in the 1920s and 1930s - Svetosavlje („Saint Sava’s Way”) embodied in the works of Justin Popović, Nikolaj Velimirović, Miloš N. Đurić, and others, whose ambition was to achieve cosmopolitan values through autochthonous national forms. Belgrade comic book superheroes and antiheroes - so different from contemporary American models - through peacemaking attitude, science fiction, and mystic ethical fantasy were bringing a unique concept, in which Dostoyevsky’s All–Man (Serbian: Svečovek, Russian: Vsechelovek) shows himself as not so far away of Tesla’s Man - the Automaton of the Universe.

The ‘Institutions-Individual’ Conceptual Nexus as a Basis of Alternative Economic Methodologies

63%

Stefanović Z., Petrović D.

Economic Themes

2016

vol. 54

issue 1

1-20

This paper discusses issues of methodological basis of contemporary economic theory, from the perspective of rival research orientations and their conceptual sensitization to the role and impacts of institutional structures. In this regard, the paper presents methodological individualism, research support of economic orthodoxy, based on a consistent interpretation of all social phenomena as outcomes of individual choice. It is shown that even in its most rigid versions this approach has to take to a certain degree into account the social interactions that go beyond the individualist framework. The opposing research orientation, methodological holism, gives explanatory primacy to (different) social collective entities and structures, characteristics of which are autonomous in nature and essential for the explanation of the individual as an entity of a lower order, whose individual properties are not significant. Both approaches are subjected to reductionist tendencies - whether explanations of the socioeconomic reality are individual or culturally over-determined. Integrating institutions in consideration of socioeconomic reality has repercussions on the mentioned methodological dichotomy, given that in conceptual terms it has the potential to bridge the extremely individualistic or collectivist methodological positions. Awareness of the impact of institutions on the socioeconomic reality has produced distinctive methodological orientations. Institutional individualism considers institutions as exogenous mechanism whose explanation is at the service of shedding light on the behaviour of the individuals as the main actors of social dynamics, and in that sense this approach can be considered as a milder variant of methodological individualism. The institutionalist extension of methodological holism, methodological institutionalism, understands individual acting as a product of an integrated institutional framework, whose dynamics takes place independently of the individuals, according to its own regularities. Some kind of balance between the aforementioned orientations is offered by methodological systemism, which affirms the dual nature of the actors of social dynamics - as both product of units of a lower order, but also as entities with autonomous, emergent properties. The contextualisation of relations between institutions and individuals in accordance with a system perspective may be a suitable way, with more tuned reality, theoretical valuation and overcoming differences between opponent methodological traditions.

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1 Economic Themes

1 International Journal of Slavic Studies Transgressive, Pragmatic and Speculative Horizons of Popular Literature and Culture

2 Stefanović Z.

1 Petrović D.

1 2020

1 2016

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Господар смрти као Свечовек: пројекције елитних филозофских токова у српском стрипу и популарној култури 1930–их

The ‘Institutions-Individual’ Conceptual Nexus as a Basis of Alternative Economic Methodologies