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EN
The article focuses on toponyms based on the names Chodor and Teodor. The compilation of 35. certified toponyms between XIV and XX c. divides them into two groups in terms of the names’ origin. From XIV to XVIII c. toponyms (12 names), are formed from Chodor name and are placed in the historic North-East Borderlands, Lesser Poland, Mazovia. Three toponyms are derived from Teodor name. The oldest village is in Silesia, others in the South-East Borderlands and Lesser Poland. Toponym Tudorów is certified in Lesser Poland. Toponyms with Teodor name as the basis prevail in XIX and XX c. (22 names). They are mostly in XIX c. (13.) and less in XX c (5). These villages are in: Lesser Poland, Greater Poland, Mazovia, South- East Borderlines. Three oeconyms derived from Chodor name are certified in the North-East Borderlines, one contains Fedor name in its original.
Język Polski
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2012
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vol. 92
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issue 3
212–218
PL
Nazwy pokrewieństwa, w powiązaniu ze zmieniającym się pojęciem rodziny, od okresu średniopolskiego do czasów współczesnych nie były trwałe i ulegały zmianom. Część terminów funkcjonuje do dziś (np. pradziadek, prawnuk, ciocia, wujek, teść, synowa), niektóre są wieloznaczne, np. kuzyn, szwagier, pewne wychodzą z użycia (np. stryj, brat stryjeczny, siostra cioteczna), a inne znikły zupełnie (dziewierz, zełwa). Proces zaniku, ograniczenia lub zunifikowania (stryj – wuj) terminologii jest odpowiedzią na zmiany społeczne, także strukturę rodziny i jej funkcjonowanie. Brak czy też ograniczenie kontaktów z dalszymi krewnymi, a w konsekwencji mniejsza intensywność więzi, prowadzi do redukowania terminologii pokrewieństwa. W ponowoczesnym społeczeństwie nomenklatura pokrewieństwa ulega modyfikacji, dostosowując się do alternatywnych form życia rodzinnego.
EN
Names of relationships in connection with the changing notion of family have not been durable and they have changed a lot since the period of Polish history extending from 16th century to the latter half of 18th century. Some of the terms function still today, (e.g. pradziadek ‘great-grandfather’, prawnuk ‘great-grandson’, ciocia ‘auntie’, wujek ‘uncle’, teść ‘father-in-law’, synowa ‘daughter-in-law’), some of them are ambiguous (e.g. kuzyn ‘cousin’, szwagier ‘brother-in-law’), some are going out of use (e.g. stryj ‘paternal uncle’, brat stryjeczny ‘cousin-german’), others disappeared entirely (dziewierz, zełwa — counterparts of sister-in-law used before 16th century). The process of disappearing, limitation or unification (stryj ‘paternal uncle’ — wuj ‘uncle’) of the terminology is an answer to the social changes as well as family’s structure and its functioning. Absence or restriction on the relationship with the further relatives result in less intensive family ties and reduction in the terminology of relationships. The nomenclature of postmodern society of the relationship undergoes some modification according to the changing forms of family’s life.
Onomastica
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2017
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vol. 61
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issue 2
265-275
EN
Parents looking for a name to give their child reach for many different sources. For some it can be a family tradition recorded in their own memory or their relatives, for others it is the name fashions available on the internet, in the newspapers, or in the various mass media. Sometimes help is also sought from a numerologist, astrologer, fortune-teller or specialised internet applications.Other important sources for finding a name are also books and dictionaries, where more information on origins, history or even the features of the name’s character is given. There are individuals’ own sources and ideas as well.
Onomastica
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2013
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vol. 57
155–165
EN
In Poland, the tradition of women’s taking the surnames of their husbands is very strong. Today, however, more and more women retain their maiden name or choose to take a surname with two elements. Women were designated with surnames based on their father’s (maiden name) and on their husband’s long ago (in the 18th century), as formants indicate, for example, Anna Holubowna Abramowiczowa. In tombstone inscriptions, maiden names were followed by the preposition phrase z domu, by the preposition z, or by d.d., de domo: Marta Kowal z d. Ligor (1996). Married women were secondarily identified with the use of their maiden name as well as the surname of their current and previous husband, for example, Maria de domo Kossak primo voto Bzowska secundo voto Pawlikowska tertio voto Jasnorzewska (1891-1945). In the 17th century, in the case of noblewomen, the inscription was as follows: Maryna Bereznickiego pierwszego malzenstwa Konstantowa Porwaniecka, a teraz wtornego Aleksandrowa Strybuniecka [Bereznicki, by her first marriage Konstantowa Porwaniecka, and now by her second Aleksandrowa Strybuniecka]. Women were designated in Małopolska in, for example, the form of juxtaposition. The byname of a husband, Chromy Janek (1569), served to create his wife’s surname: Chroma Jankowa or Anna Chromowa Jankowa. In Greater Poland, such formulations were created on the principle: first name + maritonymic formation, for example, Dorothea Marczingierczyna (1587). At present, formants creating feminine surnames have been completely eliminated from the official language. They have been preserved to some degree in colloquial language or in dialect. One of the few tolerated by women that indicate female gender) is the format –ska. Attested in historical anthroponymic sources and also contemporaneously are women’s surnames with the masculine -ski (Maria Lipinski 1890). The identical situation takes place in the case of adjectival surnames equal to masculine adjectival formations, thus Halszka Gorny, not Gorna. Similar means of designating women were noted as early as the 17th century in Silesia (Anna Czarny).
EN
The article discusses the book written by Kinga Banderowicz “The Surnames of Poznań New Citizens Based on the Register of Acceptance into a Municipal Law (1573–1793)” against the Polish regional monographs of the XVI, XVII and XVIII centuries. It also raises the problem of traditional dual structure of monographs (history and etymology dictionary, analytic and synthetic section), used by various authors and the new one (semantic and structural section, onomastics and sociological section) used by the above mentioned author.
EN
The subjects of my examination are samples of Silesian surnames derived from the dialectal words determining objects of an animate and inanimate nature. The names of animals were more often used as a base to create the surnames derived from nicknames (derived from appellatives). They were more expressive due to their metaphoric meaning reflecting specific features of people and their evaluations. The signification of botanic (inanimate) nouns used within names was less transparent, however they are thought to refer to an anthropomorphic view of plant behaviour, e.g. dialectal woska/osika [aspen] - trembling. The belief that specific phenomena in nature have supernatural, magic or demonic powers, as well as other difficult to grasp factors, played a very important role in the creation of nicknames and later surnames for the Silesian population. The dialectal “nature” appellatives, which were the source for surnames derived from nicknames, also show that the same dialectal lexeme can have a different meaning in different Polish regions. On the other hand, dialectal lexemes which sound identical in specific Polish regions but differ semantically determine the cultural identity of the micro-speaking country. The same phenomenon can be observed within surnames.
EN
“The Most Popular Surnames in Poland - Past and Present. E-Dictionary”. Progress report. The authors discuss the main premises of the project “The most popular surnames in Poland - past  and present. E-dictionary” which has been in development since July 2014 in IJP PAN in Krakow.  They also present its basic aims and functions, progress already made and they compare it with  other dictionaries of surnames. The authors describe several aspects of the dictionary related to IT and computers but also those concerned with onomastics and lexicography. Additionally, they pay particular attention to the information contained in specific parts of each entry .
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