Debate on problem of natural and social environmental preservation has become somehow a necessity for contemporary man. The reason for this, is destructive consequences emerging from proceeding civilization development. Environmental ethics, which has been shaping in 70’s, is a impulse to undertake the action which intends to regulate the proper relation between man and nature referring to norms and values. Article is an attempt of explanation assumptions of one of the main environmental ethics account formulated by Tadeusz Ślipko in the context of biocentric argumentation of Zdzisława Piątek in the field of environmental ethics which is discipline of ethics.
The problem of poverty in today’s world has unquestionably taken on a global dimension. Consequently, it constitutes a challenge in the area of socio-political activities which should aim at eradicating this phenomenon or its maximum reduction. In order to meet the so oriented perspective of activities, it seems justified to take this problem into account in the process of social education, which is inscribed in the process of developing the society’s citizenship. The purpose of education is to raise public awareness of the problems arising, among others, from the development of the modern world. The present article will refer to the current questions related to the phenomenon of poverty and the ways in which it can be limited. Educational tools may provide the means of shaping the attitudes of policy makers who implement global policies aimed at eradicating poverty. In addition to that, the article also pays attention to the so-called poverty measures, in view of the fact that the statistics are often confusing and fail to provide an adequate illustration of the scale of poverty. Presentation of poverty cannot be based merely on income (according to the World Bank at the level of 1.90 $/person/day or according to the United Nations 1.25 $/person/day). Viewing the problem of poverty through the prism of social development dimensions such as education, standard of living and health, gives a more credible picture of the situation in the world. The article lists countries and regions which currently deal with the problem of the highest statistics of people affected by the so-called “acute” poverty. It is precisely these countries, that should become a high priority for policy-makers.
Increased energy consumption which commenced in the late twentieth century as well as its impact on the climate change highlighted important ethical issues revolving around responsibility for the inflicted damage, obligations towards both future generations and millions of species living on the planet, or the costs of mitigation and adaptation. Natural sciences provide more and more detailed information on the currently observed climate change. Climate models allow us to forecast changes and predict their consequences. However, it is yet impossible to answer the question what should be done about the knowledge about climate change, whether and in what way we should react to it. What seems of particular importance is the necessity to take a closer look at the alarming phenomenon through the prism of values and, especially, our responsibility for the present and future generations. Climate change is a global problem and it is very difficult to find a political solution to it due to the fact that its effects have a diverse character and are not immediately discernible. They constitute a matter of considerable concern which is mostly related to the fact that the consequences of climate change can significantly affect the entire international community, irrespective of the place of living or financial status. Proper assessment of climate change effects and undertaking political action to counteract them constitute nowadays one of the major world’s development challenges.
PL
Nasilająca się pod koniec XX w. konsumpcja energii oraz jej wpływ na zmiany klimatyczne unaoczniły istotne etyczne zagadnienia skupiające się wokół odpowiedzialności za wyrządzone szkody, obowiązków wobec przyszłych pokoleń oraz milionów gatunków zamieszkujących planetę, kosztów mitygacyjnych i adaptacyjnych. Nauki przyrodnicze dostarczają coraz dokładniejszych informacji na temat obserwowanych obecnie zmian klimatycznych. Dzięki modelom klimatycznym możemy prognozować zmiany oraz przewidywać, jakie będą ich następstwa. Nie uzyskamy natomiast odpowiedzi na pytanie, co powinniśmy zrobić z posiadaną wiedzą na temat zmian klimatycznych, czy powinniśmy zareagować, a jeśli tak – to w jaki sposób. Niezwykle istotna wydaje się potrzeba szczegółowego spojrzenia na niepokojące zjawiska przez pryzmat wartości, odpowiedzialności za obecne i przyszłe pokolenia. Zmiany klimatyczne są problemem globalnym, niezwykle trudnym do rozwiązania politycznego, gdyż ich skutki są niejednorodne i mogą być przesunięte w czasie. Budzą one bardzo duże zaniepokojenie. Wiąże się to w dużej mierze z tym, że skutki zmian klimatycznych mogą okazać się bardzo dotkliwe dla całej społeczności międzynarodowej, bez względu na miejsce zamieszkania i status materialny. Właściwa ocena skutków zmian klimatycznych, a także podjęcie politycznych działań należą obecnie do jednych z ważniejszych wyzwań rozwojowych świata.
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