The aim of this article is to conduct a contrastive semantic analysis of a group of English and Polish verbs and verbal expressions that belong to the lexical field of MOVEMENT and prove that they can reflect the mental processes and emotions of the agent. The focus of the study is on the sub-field of verbs and verbal expressions that denote various ways of running (VWOR). The analysis consists of two steps. Firstly, the lexical items in question undergo componential analysis, whose results are displayed in a specially designed grid. Several kinds of specialised semantic components are applied for the sake of the analysis, in order to consider not only the physical aspect ofmovement, but also intentions and emotions that accompany movement on the side of the agent. Breaking down the meanings of lexical items in question into components results in a differentiation of several sub-fields within the field of YWOR. Those sub-fields are duly discussed in the course of the article. The next stage of the analysis consists in identifying prepositions and adverbs of direction and location that can modify meaning of lexical items analysed. The final conclusion of the article is that a considerable number of verbs and verbal expression gathered in the field of VWOR in both English and Polish are capable of reflecting various mental processes and emotions of the agent.
We współczesnym projektowaniu urbanistycznym uwzględnia się liczne kwestie – od zapewnienia interaktywnego i zrównoważonego środowiska życia po rozwiązywanie problemów społecznych i łagodzenie destrukcyjnych uwarunkowań, tj. stan po pandemii czy konieczność szybkiej transformacji energetycznej. Co więcej, związaną z tymi zagadnieniami jakość architektury i przestrzeni publicznej powinno wspierać budowanie społeczności i interakcji międzyludzkich. Kolejnym wyzwaniem, któremu musi sprostać urbanista, jest opieszałość organów rządowych i prawa budowlanego w nadążaniu za szybkimi innowacjami w systemach mobilności, technologii budowlanej i materiałowej, stymulowane przez sektor prywatny. W pracach Keesa Christiaanse i jego biura KCAP, takich jak GWL-housing project w Amsterdamie, HafenCity w Hamburgu, Olympic Legacy w Londynie i Jurong Lake District w Singapurze wyzwania te zostały syntetycznie i inkluzywnie rozwiązane. Artykuł powstał na podstawie rozmów z architektem i urbanistą – Keesem Christiaanse i prezentuje autorskie podejście projektowe i proceduralne służące dostosowaniu tkanki miejskiej do potrzeb dzisiejszych i przyszłych użytkowników.
EN
Contemporary urban design deals with numerous challenges ranging from providing an interactive and sustainable living environment to addressing social disparities and disruptive conditions, like the post-Covid condition or the energy transition. Architectural and public space quality should focus primarily on fostering community-building and social interaction. Another challenge poses the inability of government bodies and building legislation to keep up with the expedited innovations in mobility systems and construction and material technology by the private sector. In the work of Kees Christiaanse and his office KCAP, through projects like the GWL-housing project in Amsterdam, HafenCity in Hamburg, the Olympic Legacy in London and Jurong Lake District in Singapore, these challenges were synthesized in an inclusive way. This article is based on talks with the architect and urbanist and reveals specific design and procedural approaches to equip the urban fabric for today’s and future users’ needs.
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