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The Burden, the Craving, the Tool. The Provisioning of the 10th Century Byzantine Army in the Light of Leo’s Tactica and Sylloge Tacticorum

100%
Wierzbiński S.
Studia Ceranea
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2020
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vol. 10
473-498
EN
It seems obvious that 10th century was a period in which the Byzantine polemology flourished once again, before it collapsed one hundred years later. During that period numerous authors of Byzantine military treaties instructed imperial commanders how to wage war. Among many issues organization of the campaign was always an important aspect. In this paper I will try to clarify selected problems. First, I will try to specify what the soldiers ate on a daily basis. Next, I will determine to what extent the provisioning system met the expectations and needs of the Byzantines fighting for the empire. With the help of Tactica and Sylloge Tacticorum, I will try to explain how the rations were gathered, transported and protected. Finally, I will specify how the supplies were utilized not only as a means of nourishment, but also as a tool of war. The following research was carried out on the basis of military treaties from the 10th century, since this time was the peak of Byzantine military revival. Although I mainly base my research on the work of Leon the Wise and the anonymous treaty known as Sylloge Tacticorum, I also occasionally refer to other works, such as Peri Strategias, De velitatione and Praecepta Militaria.
2
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Diuk, król i papież. Kilka uwag na temat sporu o legalność objęcia tronu Anglii przez Williama Bastarda w 1066 roku. Cz. I

100%
Wierzbiński S.
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne
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2014
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vol. XCI (91)/1
203-216
EN
It is not a secret that the war between Harold II and William the Bastard, who eventually became William the Conquer, belongs to the most discussed topics. This statement applies especially to the English scholars, who treat the issue as one of the key events in the history of their nation. However, while reading the works of these excellent scientists, one can have the impression that the topic in question was utilized to strengthen the traditional, post-Wig historiosophy. According to its propagators Edward the Confessor neither designated William as his heir, nor did he have power to do so. In addition to that there is an opinion that the last Anglo-Saxon king chose Harold as future king on his death bed. In this part of the paper I raise a few arguments against the traditional interpretations of the sources. In my opinion the thing may well have been different, since Edward was brought up in Normandy and hade personal reasons to fight off Harold’s aspirations.
3
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Prospective Gain or Actual Cost? Arab Civilian and Military Captives in the Light of Byzantine Narrative Sources and Military Manuals from the 10th Century

100%
Wierzbiński S.
Studia Ceranea
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2018
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vol. 8
253-283
EN
For the Byzantine emperors of the 10th century, the eastern front was the crucial one, due to the constant struggle with the Abbasid Caliphate. In the course of this conflict – from which Byzantium emerged victorious – the capturing and enslaving of soldiers and civilians alike was an everyday reality. The main objective of this paper is to define the role of prisoners of war in the strategy and tactics of Byzantine generals. First, I will attempt to determine whether the latter treated the captives as a potential gain under various aspects (i.e. financial, prestige-related, or diplomatic). Next, I will focus on those situations in which prisoners were nothing more than a burden. With the help of narrative sources and military manuals, I will try to clarify why both sides occasionally decided to execute their captives in certain episodes of the 10th century Arab-Byzantine conflict. Finally, I will specify how Byzantine generals made use of prisoners in order to get the upper hand over their Arab rivals.
4
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Normans and Other Franks in 11th Century Byzantium: the Careers of the Adventurers before the Rule of Alexius I Comnenus

100%
Wierzbiński S.
Studia Ceranea
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2014
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vol. 4
277-288
EN
The paper examines the Frankish presence in Byzantium during 11th century. It was stressed that the mentioned period was the time of a great influx of westerners to the East. At first, most of them visited Constantinople as pilgrims during return journey from the Holy Land. The author points out that the term Franks (Frankoi) was basically attributed to the Eastern Franks/Germans, while in the course of time the Byzantines started to use it to identify rather Western Franks (i.e. French, Normans, Burgundians etc.). The author studies the circumstances in which the new mercenaries and adventurers meet the Empire, trying to define the reason of their success. Another issue investigated in the text is the extent to which Franks got promoted within the social hierarchy in Byzantium during the 11th century. Finally, the author argues that before the presence of great families such as Petraliphai, Raoul or Rogerioi there was at least one house of Frankish descent, which was raised significantly earlier and whose founder was Herve Frankopoulos.
5
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Szlachetni, odważni, dzicy? Obraz Waregów i Franków w oczach Bizantyńczyków w X-XI w.

100%
Wierzbiński S.
Vox Patrum
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2018
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vol. 69
647-679
EN
During Xth and XIth century the Byzantine Empire was one of the strongest states in the Levant. In mentioned period the emperors undertook numerous mili­tary campaigns, both in order to expand the borders of the empire and restitute their authority on once lost lands. Due to its prestige and wealth the Empire was a favorable destination for foreigners, including mercenaries. As a result, in By­zantium one could meet warriors of a very diversified ethnic descent. The presence of numerous foreigners could not escape the attentions of Byzantines themselves, who in time formed a distinctive view concerning those newcomers. Among many mercenaries two managed to obtain extraordinary status and step out in the eyes of Byzantine citizens. The first group were the Varangians, who at the end of Xth century formed the famous emperor`s guard. The second group of mercenaries were warrior from the West, usually referred to as the Franks. The main aim of this paper is to examine the genesis of mentioned warriors in Byzantium and the roots of stereotypes attached to them.
6
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The Chieftains of the Eastern Roman Empire in Light of the Chronicle of Marcellinus Comes

100%
Wierzbiński S.
Studia Ceranea
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2022
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vol. 12
779-788
EN
It is clear that while Chronicle of Marcellinus Comes belongs to most important works from the 6th century, there is significant problem with indicating his personal attitude towards the discussed characters and the described events. The following text is an attempt to answer the question why some of the warlords and generals mentioned in Marcellin’s chronicle were shown positively and others not. It seems that the key to the chronicler’s assessment of a given person was his origin, attitude to imperial authority and actual influence on the most important events of the era in which he lived.
7
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Diuk, król i papież. Kilka uwag na temat sporu o legalność objęcia tronu anglii przez Williama Bastarda w 1066 roku. Cz. II

63%
Tulejski T., Wierzbiński S.
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne
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2014
|
vol. XCI (91)/1
217-227
EN
It is not a secret that the war between Harold II and William the Bastard, who eventually became William the Conquer, belongs to the most discussed topics. This statement applies especially to the English scholars, who treat the issue as one of the key events in the history of their nation. However, while reading the works of these excellent scientists, one can have the impression that the topic in question was utilized to strengthen the traditional, post-Wig historiosophy. It is a very popular belief that papacy (in person of pope Alexander II) supported the Norman conquest of England in 1066. According to some of the Norman sources, William even received a papal banner which he took for his expedition. In opinion of many scholars, there are grounds to treat the invasion of Norman duke as a first crusade (mainly due to character of Alexander II support). However, both nations were Christian, so the assessment of the pope`s statement in modern history is explicit. In the second part of this paper, arguments will be given, that the Apostolic See didn`t support the Normans at the time of the conquest. The paper also examines the evolution of church` approach towards war in early middle ages.
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