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EN
Companies relocate in various manners. Some of them move by way of foreign direct investments, other relocate within their countries, regions or local areas of operation (e.g. when a company moves its seat to a different street). This paper focuses on the issue of relocating companies' seats. Data analysis (on NUTS2 level) indicates that migration of companies leads to an increased concentration of businesses in the Mazovia region, in particular in Warsaw. Additionally, it was demonstrated that in all of the Polish voivodeships the majority of companies that migrate do so within their regions. The weakest “magnet” for businesses are the voivodeships belonging to the least developed areas in Poland (Eastern Poland) and the Opole voivodeship, which undergoes a significant decline in population.
EN
This article deals with the topic of the local development factors within the value chain of the commune (gmina). The concept of the value chain examines development factors in three groups: the leader, the internal environment and the external environment; it also takes into account the time factor. This article also presents the usefulness of three theoretical and conceptual approaches in reference to the idea of the value chain: the theory of development path dependency, the network theory, and the concept of smart specializations.
EN
Between 1989 and 2014, the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship (one of the poorest regions in the European Union) was subjected to a number of external stimuli. However, not only has its position in the ranking of provinces failed to improve - it has actually worsened. Despite this, positive adaptive changes have occurred in the region, although they are limited in scope. The attitude of peripheral regions towards external stimuli can be quite reactive, as seen in the case of Warmia and Masuria. It can be assumed that the province's smart specialisations (water economics, high-quality food, and wood and furniture) will contribute to further quality in the economic structure of the region, but it will not necessarily improve its position in relation to other regions in Poland.
EN
The article presents the process and effects of the emergence of smart specialisations in the Silesian and Warmian-Masurian Voivodeships. The starting point is the analysis of smart specialisations in the context of the development theories, which is followed by a discussion of the specialisations of the two voivodeships. This leads to the establishment of several doubts concerning the future situation of the peripheral region presented in the article.
EN
Studies conducted so far suggest that SEZs are not treated by local authorities as the main mechanism of job creation in a given region. The objective of this paper is to highlight potential mechanisms through which SEZs impact labour markets in poviats (counties) in Poland. To this end we conducted a comparative analysis of changes that had taken place in the labour market over the period 2004-2016 in two groups of poviats with the highest unemployment rate reported in 2004: with and without SEZs. The study does not allow us to unambiguously conclude that SEZs contributed to the improvement of labour market situation in poviats with the highest unemployment rate in Poland. That can be attributed to the fact that SEZs in Poland are highly fragmented as well as to SEZs investors being able to select locations for their investment projects in relatively better developed regions.
EN
Relations between metropolitan core cities and regional and sub-regional centres are part of a broader discussion on the importance of metropolitan areas for the development of regions. These relations are dealt with in this paper in the context of the growth pole theory. The paper focuses on the migration process in relation to enterprises. By moving their businesses, companies contribute to backwash and spread effects. Since company migrations between municipalities occur in both directions, the question remains open as to which migration direction dominates – whether from sub-regional centres to core cities or vice versa. This paper attempts to verify the hypothesis that regional and sub-regional centres in the Mazowieckie voivodship suffer the largest loss of enterprises due to migration to the core city of Warsaw. The results obtained were varied and the hypothesis was confirmed, especially in the case of three cities: Siedlce, Radom and Płock; and partly in the case of Ciechanów.
PL
Artykuł prezentuje wyniki badań prowadzonych w samorządach lokalnych na Mazowszu. Celem badań była identyfikacja determinantów rozwoju lokalnego. Rozwój rozpatrywany był w badaniu przez pryzmat czynników ekonomicznych, jak i społecznych, zaś same badania miały charakter ilościowy i jakościowy. Wyniki badań pozwalają sformułować specyficzne działania władz lokalnych, które mają istotny wpływ na jakość życia. Można zaliczyć do nich: budowanie pozytywnego wizerunku gminy (przede wszystkim poprzez wykorzystanie nowoczesnych technologii komunikacyjnych), budowanie sieci kooperacyjnych w regionie, tworzenie narzędzi monitoringu społecznych i gospodarczych zróżnicowań, aktywną politykę wykorzystywania zewnętrznych źródeł finansowania.
EN
This paper presents the results of research conducted among Polish local governments in Mazovia region, which aim was to identify the determinants of local development. The development was seen in the study, both through the prism of economic factors, as well as the wider social factors - were taken into account quantitative measures as well as measures of quality. The study identified a set of specific soft actions which undertaken by the regional level of govern-ment can have significant positive impact on the quality of life in local communities: building a posi-tive image of local and regional administrative power among the people with the use of modern communication technologies; building cooperation networks in the region; creating a monitoring tools of intra-regional social and economic disparities, active policies for the use of external sources of finance.
PL
W artykule autorzy analizują zapisy dokumentów strategicznych oraz wyniki prowadzonych badan ewaluacyjnych dotyczących miast w województwie podkarpackim, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem ośrodków uznanych za bieguny wzrostu. Ich sytuacja obecna oraz perspektywy rozwojowe odniesione zostają do koncepcji czterech sił konkurencyjności (zasobów wewnętrznych, popytu zewnętrznego, dominacji, sieci). Badania, na których oparto zasadnicza treść artykułu, przedstawiają sytuacje kompleksowo – zarówno w ujęciu statycznym, jak i dynamicznym, z uwzględnieniem trendów na przyszłość. Szczególne miejsce w opracowaniu zajmuje stolica regionu – Rzeszów (wraz z obszarem metropolitalnym) z tej racji, ze w aktualnej Strategii rozwoju województwa jest to jedyny ośrodek, któremu poświecono oddzielny priorytet. Także w przypadku pozostałych biegunów wzrostu autorzy starają sie jednak wychwycić pewna ich specyfikę.
EN
In the article the authors analyze the records of strategic documents and the results of conducted evaluation studies concerning cities in Podkarpackie Voivodeship, with a particular emphasis on centers considered to be the province’s growth poles. Their present situation and development perspectives are referred to the concept of four competitiveness forces (internal resources, external demand, domination, networks). The studies on which the essence of the article is based, present the situation comprehensively – both in static and dynamic terms, taking into account future trends. The capital city of the region – Rzeszów (with the metropolitan area) has a special place in the study, as it is the only city to be given a separate priority in the current development strategy. In the case of the other growth poles, the authors also try to capture some of their specificities.
EN
Local innovation systems (LIS) constitute a relatively new term as usually the discussion about the systemic approach to innovation has focused on the level of countries, and most of all - regions. In this article an attempt was made to assess Polish municipalities from the perspective of their potential for development of local innovative systems. The performed factor analysis allowed characterization of five types of institution networks which may impact creation and development of LIS. The study was completed with case studies in selected voivodeship cities as centres of the highest concentration of institutions usually building local innovation systems, three of which were capitals of the poorest regions in Poland.
PL
W artykule zaprezentowane zostały wyniki badania konkurencyjności gmin objętych Europejską Siecią Ekologiczną Natura 2000. Na podstawie analiz korelacji udziału obszarów Natura 2000 w ogólnej powierzchni gminy i wskaźników charakteryzujących wymiary konkurencyjności i rozwoju, a także ankiet przeprowadzonych wśród samorządów gminnych w Polsce sformułowano wnioski dotyczące sytuacji społeczno-gospodarczej gmin tzw. naturowych oraz wpływu tej formy ochrony przyrody na rozwój lokalny. W artykule podjęto również próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy sieć Natura 2000 faktycznie zapewnia zrównoważony rozwój, czy wymusza jedynie dbałość o interesy przyrody bez uwzględniania potrzeb społecznych i gospodarczych lokalnych społeczności.
EN
The article discusses the results of empirical research on the competitiveness of municipalities covered by the Natura 2000 network. Authors conducted a correlation analysis of the share of the Natura 2000 sites in the general area of a municipality and the indicators characterizing dimensions of competitiveness and development. Questionnaire surveys were conducted among local governments in Poland. On this basis conclusions on the socio-economic situation of municipalities with a large share of Natura 2000 areas and the impact of this form of conservation for local development were formulated. The article is also an attempt to answer the question whether Natura 2000 actually delivers sustainable development, or simply forces environmental protection without taking into account social and economic needs of local communities.
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