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EN
The article is about the tenth image by famous Marx Brothers. Author of the text carried out a thorough analysis of the film Go West for the current in the game with western conventions. The text consists of five parts – introduction and four separate mini-chapters. In the first context the statement made b y the film Go West (by Edward Buzzel) the masterpiece of silent cinema – Iron Horse directed by John Ford, seeing the first image of a series of references to the other one. The second part is devoted to the image of Indians in the film Go West in the context of the existing schemes in the cinema of the thirties and forties. In the next section the author discusses the functions used in film music, and in the last – the final chase sequence, seeing in it references to the tradition of film slapstick. In conclusion, the author states that the game with conventions manifests itself not only in the film for a specific genre, but also the cinema in general, which in 1940 was an innovative solution.
PL
The article is about the tenth image by famous Marx Brothers. Author of the text carried out a thorough analysis of the film Go West for the current in the game with western conventions. The text consists of five parts – introduction and four separate mini-chapters. In the first context the statement made b y the film Go West (by Edward Buzzel) the masterpiece of silent cinema – Iron Horse directed by John Ford, seeing the first image of a series of references to the other one. The second part is devoted to the image of Indians in the film Go West in the context of the existing schemes in the cinema of the thirties and forties. In the next section the author discusses the functions used in film music, and in the last – the final chase sequence, seeing in it references to the tradition of film slapstick. In conclusion, the author states that the game with conventions manifests itself not only in the film for a specific genre, but also the cinema in general, which in 1940 was an innovative solution. 
EN
The article focuses on the relationships between high culture and popular culture in relation to film music. To this end, the author conducted a thorough analysis of the works of George Gershwin used in Woody Allen’s film Manhattan. The article consists of two parts and a conclusion. In the first part, the author presents a brief history of the continuous grinding together of high and popular culture in music, resulting in symphonic jazz, which came about in the 1920s, and whose precursor was George Gershwin. The second part is a cinematic and musicological analysis of all the works of Gershwin appearing on the soundtrack of Manhattan, and an attempt to find associations between the director and composer. In conclusion, the author notes that the phenomenon of mixing of popular culture and mass culture (both on the music, as well as its use in the work of the film) is subordinated in both George Gershwin and Woody Allen’s work to attempts to find their own identity, and one of the sources of inspiration of both artists is the same New York City, which is a city-myth.
PL
Between high culture and popular culture. The music of George Gershwin in Manhattan by Woody Allen The article focuses on the relationships between high culture and popular culture in relation to film music. To this end, the author conducted a thorough analysis of the works of George Gershwin used in Woody Allen’s film Manhattan. The article consists of two parts and a conclusion. In the first part, the author presents a brief history of the continuous grinding together of high and popular culture in music, resulting in symphonic jazz, which came about in the 1920s, and whose precursor was George Gershwin. The second part is a cinematic and musicological analysis of all the works of Gershwin appearing on the soundtrack of Manhattan, and an attempt to find associations between the director and composer. In conclusion, the author notes that the phenomenon of mixing of popular culture and mass culture (both on the music, as well as its use in the work of the film) is subordinated in both George Gershwin and Woody Allen’s work to attempts to find their own identity, and one of the sources of inspiration of both artists is the same New York City, which is a city-myth.
EN
Author of the article, juxtaposing together three studies school of Roman Polanski, discusses the functions of music used in each of them. Due to the fact that the entire work the author of the Pianist’s is characterized by musical eclecticism – which is the main thesis of the article – it is proposed to look at the film music of early Polanski films, and to try to find a specific lineage of this eclecticism. Break Up the Dance, Lamp and When Angels Fall titles, which in the light filmic and musicological investigations differ from each other. Do not change the fact that each of these works “signs” that the director – the creator of not only the visual layer, but also (not forgetting the work of the composer) sound. In his early work Roman Polanski begins to create a kind of “range of methods” in relation to functions of music in the work of the film. The article is an attempt to systematize them and to find the film and the music key.
PL
Musical eclecticism in three etudes by Roman Polanski. Break Up the Dance, Lamp and When Angels Fall Author of the article, juxtaposing together three studies school of Roman Polanski, discusses the functions of music used in each of them. Due to the fact that the entire work the author of the Pianist’s is characterized by musical eclecticism – which is the main thesis of the article – it is proposed to look at the film music of early Polanski films, and to try to find a specific lineage of this eclecticism. Break Up the Dance, Lamp and When Angels Fall titles, which in the light filmic and musicological investigations differ from each other. Do not change the fact that each of these works “signs” that the director – the creator of not only the visual layer, but also (not forgetting the work of the composer) sound. In his early work Roman Polanski begins to create a kind of “range of methods” in relation to functions of music in the work of the film. The article is an attempt to systematize them and to find the film and the music key.
EN
To Preserve Memory, to Save a Soul, to Save Art: Th e Saving Role of Chopin’s Music in Roman Polanski’s The Pianist The author examines the music from Roman Polanski’s The Pianist, focusing on the functions performed in the film by fragments of four compositions by Fryderyk Chopin: Nocturne in C-sharp minor (Posthumous), Grande Polonaise Brillante in E-fl at major (Op. 22 - Allegro molto), Ballade in G- minor (No 1, Op. 23) and Concerto in E-minor (No 1, Op. 11). Proposed are both a contextual view (Chopin’s music in the collective memory of Poles) and an analytical one (music as an element of the structure of a film). The symbolic and expressive functions of the compositions used in the film are placed at the forefront, as well as their connections with other elements of the soundtrack in the context of building meaning. In conclusion, the article states that Chopin’s music in The Pianist, compared to Polanski’s other movies containing classical music, has been functionalized in a most creative way.
PL
To Preserve Memory, to Save a Soul, to Save Art: Th e Saving Role of Chopin’s Music in Roman Polanski’s The Pianist The author examines the music from Roman Polanski’s The Pianist, focusing on the functions performed in the film by fragments of four compositions by Fryderyk Chopin: Nocturne in C-sharp minor (Posthumous), Grande Polonaise Brillante in E-fl at major (Op. 22 - Allegro molto), Ballade in G- minor (No 1, Op. 23) and Concerto in E-minor (No 1, Op. 11). Proposed are both a contextual view (Chopin’s music in the collective memory of Poles) and an analytical one (music as an element of the structure of a film). The symbolic and expressive functions of the compositions used in the film are placed at the forefront, as well as their connections with other elements of the soundtrack in the context of building meaning. In conclusion, the article states that Chopin’s music in The Pianist, compared to Polanski’s other movies containing classical music, has been functionalized in a most creative way.
EN
The relationship between a film director and the composer of the film soundtrack is an exceptionally interesting research subject. Even more so in the context of Krzysztof Komeda’s music in Roman Polański’s film etudes. It is a rare case for the influence of music on a film and for the influence of the film on the music to be so significant in the shaping of the styles of two artists on the threshold of their careers, one of whom is a composer, the other one being a film director.In the article, the author attempts to prove that creating a film using directing solutions that refer to jazz music elements is just as possible as the transformation of a jazz composer (in the context of a film) into an author of music which also becomes a film soundtrack. What is more, the mutual inspirations translate into the artistic development of both artists which is noticeable in their subsequent joined works. Those are: Two Men and a Wardrobe (1958), The Fat and the Lean (1961) and Mammals (1961).The author performs a film study-musicological analysis of the films mentioned above on the basis of the works of Marek Hendrykowski, Alicja Helman, Zofia Lissa, and Emilia Batura; he also uses the opinions of the authors themselves on their shared films which are the subject of the analysis mentioned. Examining the role of Krzysztof Komeda’s music in Roman Polański’s short films proved that apart from functionalizing the basic element of a music piece (melodics, agogic, rhytmics, and meter), the element of improvisation – characteristic of jazz – can also occur in a film, present both in its visual as well as in the sound layer. Thus, the use (on both levels) of elements of two kinds of art different from each other (in an ontological sense) has a significant influence on the shaping of the unique style of both artists.
PL
The Jazziness of a Film – the Filmicness of Jazz. About the Music of Krzysztof Komeda in the Short Films of Roman Polański The relationship between a film director and the composer of the film soundtrack is an exceptionally interesting research subject. Even more so in the context of Krzysztof Komeda’s music in Roman Polański’s film etudes. It is a rare case for the influence of music on a film and for the influence of the film on the music to be so significant in the shaping of the styles of two artists on the threshold of their careers, one of whom is a composer, the other one being a film director.In the article, the author attempts to prove that creating a film using directing solutions that refer to jazz music elements is just as possible as the transformation of a jazz composer (in the context of a film) into an author of music which also becomes a film soundtrack. What is more, the mutual inspirations translate into the artistic development of both artists which is noticeable in their subsequent joined works. Those are: Two Men and a Wardrobe (1958), The Fat and the Lean (1961) and Mammals (1961).The author performs a film study-musicological analysis of the films mentioned above on the basis of the works of Marek Hendrykowski, Alicja Helman, Zofia Lissa, and Emilia Batura; he also uses the opinions of the authors themselves on their shared films which are the subject of the analysis mentioned. Examining the role of Krzysztof Komeda’s music in Roman Polański’s short films proved that apart from functionalizing the basic element of a music piece (melodics, agogic, rhytmics, and meter), the element of improvisation – characteristic of jazz – can also occur in a film, present both in its visual as well as in the sound layer. Thus, the use (on both levels) of elements of two kinds of art different from each other (in an ontological sense) has a significant influence on the shaping of the unique style of both artists.
EN
The issue of settling accounts with modern history is a topic often taken up in contemporary Polish cinematography. The delicate and intriguing problems of lustration, memory, guilt, and forgiveness are, however, not only a Polish concern. In 2009, Kawasaki’s Rose, directed by Jan Hřebejku, was presented during the Berlinale. Almost a year later, Rafael Lewandowski’s debut film The Mole was released in Polish cinemas. Both the Czech and the Polish productions constitute attempts at facing the embarrassing problem faced by Poles and Czechs in terms of the problems mentioned above. A closer look at the phenomenon, viewed from two different perspectives (Polish in The Mole and Czech in Kawasaki’s Rose), provides a particularly interesting angle for analyzing this subject. In the article, the works of Rafael Lewandowski and Jan Hřebejk are compared in an effort to answer the question of what image of society emerges from these films. How do different historical and cultural conditions influence the process of shaping people’s attitudes in the face of similar problems. The author performs a film study analysis on these works, based on interviews with their authors and important reviews of them. Literary works that are topically connected with them, including Revised Edition by Péter Esterházy and The Curtain by Milan Kundera, constitute an essential context. 
PL
Kawasaki’s Rose and The Mole. Two Film Faces of Lustration The issue of settling accounts with modern history is a topic often taken up in contemporary Polish cinematography. The delicate and intriguing problems of lustration, memory, guilt, and forgiveness are, however, not only a Polish concern. In 2009, Kawasaki’s Rose, directed by Jan Hřebejku, was presented during the Berlinale. Almost a year later, Rafael Lewandowski’s debut film The Mole was released in Polish cinemas. Both the Czech and the Polish productions constitute attempts at facing the embarrassing problem faced by Poles and Czechs in terms of the problems mentioned above. A closer look at the phenomenon, viewed from two different perspectives (Polish in The Mole and Czech in Kawasaki’s Rose), provides a particularly interesting angle for analyzing this subject. In the article, the works of Rafael Lewandowski and Jan Hřebejk are compared in an effort to answer the question of what image of society emerges from these films. How do different historical and cultural conditions influence the process of shaping people’s attitudes in the face of similar problems. The author performs a film study analysis on these works, based on interviews with their authors and important reviews of them. Literary works that are topically connected with them, including Revised Edition by Péter Esterházy and The Curtain by Milan Kundera, constitute an essential context. 
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