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EN
In this text I will present a critical analysis of three philosophical approaches to the epistemological problematic of the validity of aesthetic judgement: aesthetic objectivism, aesthetic relativism and aesthetic scepticism. I will compare the individiual theoretical positions and critically analyse them firstly as regards their compatibility with basic intuitions about aesthetic judgement, and secondly as regards the logico-semantic analysis of aesthetic concepts. In the concluding part of the text, I will argue in favour of the position of aesthetic meta-relativisim and I will examine the practical consequences which follow from this position for the conduct of aesthetic disputes.
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Ontologie díla v autorském zákoně České republiky

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EN
The text reconstructs the implicit ontology of an author’s work in the copyright law of the Czech Republic (law no. 121/2000 “Sb”), and in its commentary, published in 2007 by Ivo Telec and Pavel Tůma. To this purpose, the findings of the philosophy of artefacts and of the ontology of artists’ work are made use of. The concluding section of the article is devoted to providing a critical evaluation of the identity conditions of an author’s work in the Czech legal framework, which does not take into proper account the so-called causal dimension of an author’s works.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2015
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vol. 70
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issue 2
130 – 144
EN
The paper deals with the problems related to the definition of aesthetic value. First, the definition of aesthetic value is approached from a methodological point of view (conceptual explication). Subsequently, a critical reconstruction of several traditional attempts at defining aesthetic value is carried on (I. Kant, M. C. Beardsley). These, due to their theoretical or epistemological assumptions, do not meet one of the criteria of a correct conceptual explication, i.e. the condition of similarity to ordinary language achieved by normative exclusion of certain aesthetic language games, including the heteronomy of aesthetic value. In the final part of the paper an attempt is made at defining aesthetic creation and aesthetic property that could serve as a theoretical basis for aesthetic evaluation and taste researches in humanities and social sciences.
EN
My paper explores critical objections to the concept of the artistic canon, conceived as a summary of works with an objective aesthetic value that have stood the test of time. To begin with, the objections of feminist and postcolonial criticism are discussed and examined. However, the sociological objection questioning the axiological foundation of the canon, i.e. the possibility of generally applicable aesthetic judgment, has been identified as the most crucial. My paper proceeds to discuss the theory of ideal perception as a solution to the problem of justifying aesthetic judgments. My aim is to prove that from the axiological perspective, the theory of the ideal critic gets entangled in the never-ending regress of a logical circle, or it eventually finds its justification through a particular social practice. This theory is also problematic in its erroneous assumption of the logical independence of the descriptive and evaluating components of aesthetic concepts. The impossibility of separating the evaluating attitude from the conditions of the use of aesthetic concepts indicates the relative applicability of aesthetic value and the artistic canon, depending on the “personal economy” of the evaluating subject.
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